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<p>During the reentry of extremely high-speed spacecraft, such as hypersonic shuttles traveling at speeds exceeding Mach 10, shock waves are generated, leading to a rapid increase in temperature, pressure, and atmospheric density at the reentry altitude. Consequently, a plasma layer, known as a plasma sheath, forms around the spacecraft. This paper determines the transmission and reflection rates of microwaves for various frequencies of radio signals transmitted from ground station based on the changes in the refractive index and its relationship with the permittivity of the medium.</p>

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The Transmission and Reflection of Microwave Waves Through the Atmosphere Influenced by Shock Waves

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月12日

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  • Sima Alilou,
  • Laya Shahrassai,
  • Samad Sobhanian

摘要

During the reentry of extremely high-speed spacecraft, such as hypersonic shuttles traveling at speeds exceeding Mach 10, shock waves are generated, leading to a rapid increase in temperature, pressure, and atmospheric density at the reentry altitude. Consequently, a plasma layer, known as a plasma sheath, forms around the spacecraft. This paper determines the transmission and reflection rates of microwaves for various frequencies of radio signals transmitted from ground station based on the changes in the refractive index and its relationship with the permittivity of the medium.