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<p>This study investigates the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a single-cylinder CI engine operating in dual-fuel mode with purified biogas and three primary fuels: diesel, neat <i>Scenedesmus obliquus</i> oil (NSOO), and <i>Scenedesmus obliquus</i> methyl ester (SOME). The induction of methane-rich biogas enhanced combustion efficiency, increasing brake thermal efficiency from 32.84 to 35.09% for diesel, 31.03 to 33.83% for SOME, and 29.26 to 31.23% for NSOO. Brake-specific energy consumption decreased, with maximum methane energy shares of 29.67%, 46.24%, and 65% for diesel, SOME, and NSOO, respectively. The heat release rate (HRR) improved, reaching peak values of 68.74&#xa0;J/°CA for diesel, 65.32&#xa0;J/°CA for SOME, and 60.43&#xa0;J/°CA for NSOO, accompanied by extended ignition delay and a more pronounced premixed combustion phase. Methane addition also reduced unburned hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions, while nitrogen oxide emissions increased due to elevated combustion temperatures. A reduction in smoke opacity was observed, indicating improved combustion quality. Energy and exergy analyses revealed that diesel–methane achieved the highest efficiency (32.24% energy, 30.19% exergy), followed by SOME–methane (30.99% energy, 28.37% exergy) and NSOO–methane (28.64% energy, 26.52% exergy). This study demonstrates the thermodynamic and environmental potential of integrating purified biogas with third-generation biofuels, offering an effective pathway for cleaner and more efficient CI engine operation.</p>

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Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Algae Biofuel and Biogas in CI Engine Operating in Dual-Fuel Mode: An Energy and Exergy Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月29日

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  • Gowtham Saravanan,
  • Prakash Thiyagarajan

摘要

This study investigates the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a single-cylinder CI engine operating in dual-fuel mode with purified biogas and three primary fuels: diesel, neat Scenedesmus obliquus oil (NSOO), and Scenedesmus obliquus methyl ester (SOME). The induction of methane-rich biogas enhanced combustion efficiency, increasing brake thermal efficiency from 32.84 to 35.09% for diesel, 31.03 to 33.83% for SOME, and 29.26 to 31.23% for NSOO. Brake-specific energy consumption decreased, with maximum methane energy shares of 29.67%, 46.24%, and 65% for diesel, SOME, and NSOO, respectively. The heat release rate (HRR) improved, reaching peak values of 68.74 J/°CA for diesel, 65.32 J/°CA for SOME, and 60.43 J/°CA for NSOO, accompanied by extended ignition delay and a more pronounced premixed combustion phase. Methane addition also reduced unburned hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions, while nitrogen oxide emissions increased due to elevated combustion temperatures. A reduction in smoke opacity was observed, indicating improved combustion quality. Energy and exergy analyses revealed that diesel–methane achieved the highest efficiency (32.24% energy, 30.19% exergy), followed by SOME–methane (30.99% energy, 28.37% exergy) and NSOO–methane (28.64% energy, 26.52% exergy). This study demonstrates the thermodynamic and environmental potential of integrating purified biogas with third-generation biofuels, offering an effective pathway for cleaner and more efficient CI engine operation.