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<p>Environmentally compatible water-based drilling fluids are key enablers for sustainable drilling in shale formations. Water-based drilling fluids generally promote clay hydration and swelling during shale drilling. Therefore, a compatible drilling fluid additive is required to inhibit clay swelling. In this study, an eco-friendly hydroxyethyl acrylate chitosan (HEAC) shale inhibitor was synthesized, and its performance as an inhibitor was evaluated. The evaluation experiments include Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, static filtration tests, thermal stability tests, shale dispersion tests, slake durability tests, and zeta potential analysis. The inhibitive performance of HEAC was compared with that of polyethylenimine (PEI) as additives in a base drilling fluid. The results revealed a reduction in filtration loss from 36.19 to 55.71% after the addition of 0.3 to 1.5&#xa0;w/v% HEAC in the base fluids, whereas the addition of PEI resulted in a reduction from 10 to 24.76% for the same concentration in base fluids. After hot rolling, the HEAC had exhibited properties (rheology and filtration) similar to those of PEI. Moreover, as the concentration of HEAC in the base fluid increased from 0.3 to 1.5&#xa0;w/v%, the shale recovery percentages increased from 66.4 to 88%. The slake durability index of the base fluid was 40.7%, whereas that of the developed drilling formulation ranged from 65.3 to 72.8%, which shows that the resistance of the shale samples to deterioration by a standard cycle of wetting and drying. Overall, the study suggests that the drilling mud exhibits excellent inhibitory properties after the addition of HEAC.</p>

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Enhancing the Shale Drilling Compatibility Using Hydroxyethyl Acrylate Chitosan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月16日

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  • Amolina Doley,
  • Vinay Kumar Rajak,
  • Raj Kiran,
  • Vikas Mahto,
  • Rajeev Upadhyay,
  • U. Eswaran,
  • Prashant Yadav

摘要

Environmentally compatible water-based drilling fluids are key enablers for sustainable drilling in shale formations. Water-based drilling fluids generally promote clay hydration and swelling during shale drilling. Therefore, a compatible drilling fluid additive is required to inhibit clay swelling. In this study, an eco-friendly hydroxyethyl acrylate chitosan (HEAC) shale inhibitor was synthesized, and its performance as an inhibitor was evaluated. The evaluation experiments include Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, static filtration tests, thermal stability tests, shale dispersion tests, slake durability tests, and zeta potential analysis. The inhibitive performance of HEAC was compared with that of polyethylenimine (PEI) as additives in a base drilling fluid. The results revealed a reduction in filtration loss from 36.19 to 55.71% after the addition of 0.3 to 1.5 w/v% HEAC in the base fluids, whereas the addition of PEI resulted in a reduction from 10 to 24.76% for the same concentration in base fluids. After hot rolling, the HEAC had exhibited properties (rheology and filtration) similar to those of PEI. Moreover, as the concentration of HEAC in the base fluid increased from 0.3 to 1.5 w/v%, the shale recovery percentages increased from 66.4 to 88%. The slake durability index of the base fluid was 40.7%, whereas that of the developed drilling formulation ranged from 65.3 to 72.8%, which shows that the resistance of the shale samples to deterioration by a standard cycle of wetting and drying. Overall, the study suggests that the drilling mud exhibits excellent inhibitory properties after the addition of HEAC.