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<p>Affectivity of exogenously applied melatonin (50&#xa0;µM ML) and kinetin (10&#xa0;µM Kn), individual and combined, was evaluated in fenugreek (<i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i>) treated with excess copper (Cu, 50&#xa0;µM CuSO<sub>4</sub>). Growth attributes (plant height and weight) were significantly reduced due to excess Cu; however, applied ML and Kn mitigated the decline. Higher Cu concentration declined the pigment synthesis, photosynthesis, fluorescence parameters and Rubisco activity. Treatment of ML and Kn enhanced chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis, Rubisco activity, photosynthesis and gas exchange. In addition, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, including maximum PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm) and actual PSII efficiency, increased in ML and Kn treated plants. Application of ML and Kn alleviated the Cu induced oxidative damage which was evident as reduced lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, methylglyoxal and the activity of NADPH oxidase. Foliar ML and Kn treated fenugreek plants showed apparent increase in the activity of antioxidant and the glyoxylase cycle enzymes. Increased antioxidant functioning was evident as increased percent DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2, 2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] scavenging in ML and Kn treated plants. Proline, glycine betaine and total phenols were more in ML and Kn treated seedlings under normal and Cu excess growth conditions. Applied ML and Kn mitigated the decline in the activities of enzymes of nitrogen metabolism significantly with ML + Kn treatment imparting much significant effect.</p>

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Amelioration of Copper Toxicity in Fenugreek by the Synergistic Application of Melatonin and Kinetin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月28日

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  • Khalid H. Alamer

摘要

Affectivity of exogenously applied melatonin (50 µM ML) and kinetin (10 µM Kn), individual and combined, was evaluated in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) treated with excess copper (Cu, 50 µM CuSO4). Growth attributes (plant height and weight) were significantly reduced due to excess Cu; however, applied ML and Kn mitigated the decline. Higher Cu concentration declined the pigment synthesis, photosynthesis, fluorescence parameters and Rubisco activity. Treatment of ML and Kn enhanced chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis, Rubisco activity, photosynthesis and gas exchange. In addition, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, including maximum PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm) and actual PSII efficiency, increased in ML and Kn treated plants. Application of ML and Kn alleviated the Cu induced oxidative damage which was evident as reduced lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, methylglyoxal and the activity of NADPH oxidase. Foliar ML and Kn treated fenugreek plants showed apparent increase in the activity of antioxidant and the glyoxylase cycle enzymes. Increased antioxidant functioning was evident as increased percent DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2, 2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] scavenging in ML and Kn treated plants. Proline, glycine betaine and total phenols were more in ML and Kn treated seedlings under normal and Cu excess growth conditions. Applied ML and Kn mitigated the decline in the activities of enzymes of nitrogen metabolism significantly with ML + Kn treatment imparting much significant effect.