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<p>The present problem investigates the time-dependent hybrid nanofluid flow through a bidirectionally permeable stretching surface. This study examines the thermal transfer and fluid dynamics characteristics of carbon nanotubes (SWCNT and MWCNT) in water with a non-uniform heat source effect. Additionally, this study is the consideration of Einstein’s model for viscosity. The methodology contains converting the governing equations into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through the use of similarity variables. The fourth order approximation of Runge Kutta technique incorporating shooting scheme is employed to approximate the resulting ODEs. Furthermore, in a novel approach, the sensitivity analysis via response surface methodology is executed to refine the understanding of heat transfer behaviour. However, the main conclusion of this analysis is that the shear rate grows progressively with a rise in volume fraction concentration. As the Space and temperature-dependent heat source upsurge, the rate of heat transfer also rises.</p>

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Enhancing Heat Transfer Rate in Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Past a Stretching Sheet: A Response Surface Methodology Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月27日

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  • Abhishek Sharma,
  • Ram Prakash Sharma

摘要

The present problem investigates the time-dependent hybrid nanofluid flow through a bidirectionally permeable stretching surface. This study examines the thermal transfer and fluid dynamics characteristics of carbon nanotubes (SWCNT and MWCNT) in water with a non-uniform heat source effect. Additionally, this study is the consideration of Einstein’s model for viscosity. The methodology contains converting the governing equations into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through the use of similarity variables. The fourth order approximation of Runge Kutta technique incorporating shooting scheme is employed to approximate the resulting ODEs. Furthermore, in a novel approach, the sensitivity analysis via response surface methodology is executed to refine the understanding of heat transfer behaviour. However, the main conclusion of this analysis is that the shear rate grows progressively with a rise in volume fraction concentration. As the Space and temperature-dependent heat source upsurge, the rate of heat transfer also rises.