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<p>Harmful emissions from the automotive sector constitute almost 15% of the total anthropometric greenhouse gases (GHG) (<a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-global-co2-emissions-could-peak-as-soon-as-2023-iea-data-reveals/">https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-global-co2-emissions-could-peak-as-soon-as-2023-iea-data-reveals/</a>, 2024). Electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles are found to emit much less emissions than pure internal combustion (IC) engine-powered vehicles. However, electric vehicles have a major drawback due to the limited range of driving and the high time taken to recharge the batteries. Therefore, hybrid vehicles, which are a combination of battery, fuel cell, and electric motor, are solutions to reducing automotive-based GHG emissions without compromising on the range of travel. This review paper presents the architecture of hybrid vehicles and their evolution over the past two decades. This paper also discusses the history, classifications, advantages, disadvantages, losses, and applications of fuel cells. The paper discusses various aspects of fuel cell hybrid vehicles, i.e., components, topologies, challenges, and prospects. Modeling and simulation of automotive powertrains has become a standard way to reduce the development times in commercializing these technologies in the automotive sector. This review paper focuses on the studies conducted on the modeling and simulation of fuel cell-based vehicles (light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles). Modeling of different components of the fuel cell battery electric hybrid vehicles, i.e., fuel cells, hydrogen cylinders, secondary storage energy devices, DC/DC converter, motors), is presented. The paper examines and presents the current and future global fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles market. It was found that fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles have many advantages over IC engine-based and battery vehicles.</p>

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Architecture, Modeling and Simulation of Fuel Cell-Based Vehicles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月20日

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  • Ankita Singh,
  • Sanjay Mishra,
  • Anirudh Gautam

摘要

Harmful emissions from the automotive sector constitute almost 15% of the total anthropometric greenhouse gases (GHG) (https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-global-co2-emissions-could-peak-as-soon-as-2023-iea-data-reveals/, 2024). Electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles are found to emit much less emissions than pure internal combustion (IC) engine-powered vehicles. However, electric vehicles have a major drawback due to the limited range of driving and the high time taken to recharge the batteries. Therefore, hybrid vehicles, which are a combination of battery, fuel cell, and electric motor, are solutions to reducing automotive-based GHG emissions without compromising on the range of travel. This review paper presents the architecture of hybrid vehicles and their evolution over the past two decades. This paper also discusses the history, classifications, advantages, disadvantages, losses, and applications of fuel cells. The paper discusses various aspects of fuel cell hybrid vehicles, i.e., components, topologies, challenges, and prospects. Modeling and simulation of automotive powertrains has become a standard way to reduce the development times in commercializing these technologies in the automotive sector. This review paper focuses on the studies conducted on the modeling and simulation of fuel cell-based vehicles (light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles). Modeling of different components of the fuel cell battery electric hybrid vehicles, i.e., fuel cells, hydrogen cylinders, secondary storage energy devices, DC/DC converter, motors), is presented. The paper examines and presents the current and future global fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles market. It was found that fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles have many advantages over IC engine-based and battery vehicles.