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<p>Essential oils (EOs) are concentrated plant extract composed of many volatile compounds. In this study, <i>Artemisia jordanica</i> Danin (<i>A. jordanica</i>) EO was extracted mainly by hydro-distillation (HD), steam distillation (SD) and vacuum distillation (VD) processes. Different parameters were investigated, namely time of extraction, sample weight, plant size and condition, temperature, and pressure. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to identify EO chemical compounds. Fresh leaves of <i>A. jordanica</i> produced a yield were 0.4% of EO yield using HD. The major component of which was eucalyptol composing 44% of total oil. On the other hand, 0.2% EO yield and eucalyptol content of 44.12% were extracted from fresh leaves by SD. For VD, 0.38% EO yield and 43.74% eucalyptol were obtained from fresh leaves. It can be concluded that HD and VD processes were more efficient than SD process and exhibited higher EO yields. In addition, a solar HD system was constructed to extract EO. Results reveal that the solar system is an effective process for extracting EO even in low solar radiation environment. It is recommended to investigate using a larger setup size for the extraction of EO of <i>A. jordanica</i>.</p>

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Extraction of Essential Oils from Artemisia jordanica by Vacuum Distillation, Steam Distillation and Hydro-Distillation Using Solar Energy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月10日

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  • Mohammed Osama Jad Azzam,
  • Lara Mohammad Ahmad Obaid

摘要

Essential oils (EOs) are concentrated plant extract composed of many volatile compounds. In this study, Artemisia jordanica Danin (A. jordanica) EO was extracted mainly by hydro-distillation (HD), steam distillation (SD) and vacuum distillation (VD) processes. Different parameters were investigated, namely time of extraction, sample weight, plant size and condition, temperature, and pressure. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to identify EO chemical compounds. Fresh leaves of A. jordanica produced a yield were 0.4% of EO yield using HD. The major component of which was eucalyptol composing 44% of total oil. On the other hand, 0.2% EO yield and eucalyptol content of 44.12% were extracted from fresh leaves by SD. For VD, 0.38% EO yield and 43.74% eucalyptol were obtained from fresh leaves. It can be concluded that HD and VD processes were more efficient than SD process and exhibited higher EO yields. In addition, a solar HD system was constructed to extract EO. Results reveal that the solar system is an effective process for extracting EO even in low solar radiation environment. It is recommended to investigate using a larger setup size for the extraction of EO of A. jordanica.