Optimal Voltage Regulation of Electric Energy Distribution Networks, Taking Into Account Renewable Energies, Capacitor, and Tap Changer
摘要
Advancing smart grids by using clean energy resources increases the integrity of distributed generators (DGs) containing power distribution networks. DGs often lead to increased voltages at their common coupling point. Typical voltage regulators, such as the on-load tap changers (OLTCs), cannot address these issues without coordinating with DGs. The present study provided a two-stage voltage control scheme based on data acquisition and monitoring to coordinate the OLTC transformers, capacitor banks (CBs), and DGs. The proposed proposal presents a new benchmark for selecting the positions of an OLTC. Initially, the OLTC pulley positions were changed optimally to improve the voltage profile due to the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and war strategy optimization algorithms. Then, the proposed algorithms among the set of optimal solutions of the previous stage showed the best optimal response in minimizing the power losses for the distribution network. By randomly modeling solar radiation and wind speed data, this design was verified under several test modes, suggesting its capability to operate effectively with dispatchable and non-dispatchable distributed generators and in worst-case scenarios, such as peak hours consumption and tolerating the small power of DG output. Distribution DGs and other parameters are installed on the distribution network, and a 33-node test feeder IEEE is used to validate the proposed scheme. The simulation results indicate that the design reached the goal of setting the voltage.