Role of Three-Stage Copper–Copper–Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Coated Nanocomposite Micro/Nanostructured Minichannel Heat Sinks on Flow Boiling Performance
摘要
A major problem with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coatings on metallic substrates is inadequate adhesion between the MWCNTs and base surface, which will increase the intermediate obstacle. The adhesion between the metallic material and MWCNTs could be improved by using an intermediate layer. There has not been much focus on boiling flows of MWCNTs nanopores on micropores. Two intermediary layers of copper–copper (Cu–Cu) nanocomposites were placed between the MWCNTs and a smooth exterior in the present investigation to strengthen the link among the MWCNTs and copper base. Furthermore, the copper–copper–MWCNTs layer's adherence to the copper surface is enhanced by a three-step sintering procedure. The current work aims to create a stable layer of copper–copper–MWCNTs on copper and analyze the flow boiling heat transfer characteristics (experimentally) of these materials. The investigations were conducted to evaluate the advantages of a recently created unique hybrid copper–copper–MWCNTs coating for improving flow boiling heat transfer on minichannel heat sink. Early, abundant, and potent bubble formation was generated at a reduced mass flow by the MWCNT arrays. Critical heat flux (CHF) is demonstrated to be enhanced by 164%, 126%, 76.68%, and 57.11%, respectively, on an apparent layered with copper–copper–MWCNTs for mass fluxes of 75 kg/m2 s, 150 kg/m2 s, 235 kg/m2 s, and 315 kg/m2 s. Theoretically, MWCNTs arrays enhance CHF by increasing the heat transfer surface and serving as fins with very high conductivity that penetrate the bulkier, colder fluid flow and take advantage of fluid subcooling that takes place further from the wall.