A CPW-Fed Hybrid Polarization-Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna with TCM Analysis for 5G New Radio Frequency Applications
摘要
This paper presents a novel Coplanar Waveguide monopole antenna with frequency and polarization tunability. With a significant 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth, the antenna is ideal for 5G Sub-6 GHz applications. The proposed design achieves an impedance bandwidth of 1.87 GHz, spanning from 2.75 to 4.62 GHz (53.43%), along with an axial ratio bandwidth of 3.30 to 3.76 GHz (13.14%). The desired resonant frequency is achieved at 3.5 GHz by introducing a dumbbell-shaped slot of half wavelength in the ground plane to strategically position notch characteristics to eliminate the undesired frequency band at 7.42 GHz. Furthermore, the circular polarization mechanism is investigated by the theory of characteristic modes (TCM). The antenna design includes a rectangular patch with two Plow-shaped stubs coupled to the ground surface via pin diodes to accomplish polarization reconfigurability. Additionally, the frequency reconfigurability is attained by stacking of substrate layers, which shifts the resonant frequency from 3.5 GHz to 3.0 GHz with axial ratio bandwidth from 3.30- 3.76 GHz to 2.80–3.12 GHz, respectively. An FR-4 substrate of 40 × 40 mm2 with a loss tangent of 0.025 and a relative dielectric constant of 4.4 is used to fabricate the suggested CPW-fed antenna. The suggested design is validated by a strong match between the measured and simulated results.