Wind-Battery Hybrid Charging Station for Low Voltage Electric Vehicles

This paper presents a wind-battery hybrid charging station for low-voltage electric vehicles. The presented system is a wind-power-fed low-voltage EV charging system that is supported by a supplementary battery bank. The charging profile of the EV battery under charging remains unaffected in case of any sudden change in wind power as well as the change in the state of charge of the supplementary battery bank that is being used as a supplementary source of energy. The presented scheme uses the battery charging buck (BCB) converter as a charge controller that has higher efficiency in comparison to the other conventional converters. This scheme uses the fractional order proportional integral control for charging process control that has lesser settling time therefore the presented system has a faster error removal process (using a faster converging rate), which significantly improves the dynamic response of the system. The hysteresis band controller-based maximum power extraction process is used in the system which makes the system more robust. The presented BLDC Generator fed EV BCB converter-based system has inherently high efficiency because of the BLDC generator used in the scheme which has high efficiency in comparison to the other conventional generators conventional converters. The BLDC generator used in the scheme also does not require any external reactive power for its operation. It also does not require any brushes for its operation which reduces the maintenance requirement of the system. The control of the presented system has less mathematical calculation requirement in comparison to other AC generator-based systems, since it does not require the power factor correction section of the algorithm that reduces the cost of the controller and it also makes the control action faster. The presented system has removed the need for all the AC voltage and AC current sensors from the system for the implementation of a maximum power extraction algorithm that reduces the cost of the system and also reduces the mathematical burden on the controller.