Development of Transparent Self-Cleaning Coatings for Solar Panels: Spray-Coated Polydimethylsiloxane/Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF/PDMS)/TiO₂ Approach

The purpose of this study was to develop a self-cleaning and antireflective coating for commercial solar panels using low surface energy materials such as PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride), PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane), and TiO₂ as an antireflective agent. This work addressed the significant impact of environmental dust deposition on solar panel efficiency and maintenance challenges. The coated glass substrates were analyzed through contact angle measurements, transmittance assessments, SEM, and AFM. It was found that hydrophobicity and transmittance were influenced by the formulation's ingredient composition. Results demonstrated that a formulation containing 0.5% PVDF, 0.5% PDMS, and TiO₂ achieved a maximum contact angle of 113.75° and highest transmittance. Stability under UV-light exposure was evaluated over 288 h, revealing sustained performance. This research underscored the innovation in enhancing solar panel efficiency and longevity through advanced coating technologies.