Vibration, Bending, and Buckling of a Seven-Layer Sandwich Beam with Balsa Core Reinforced by Nanocomposite and Shape Memory Alloy Face Sheets Using Piezoelectromagnetic Layers

This article discusses the vibration, bending, and buckling analysis of a seven-layer sandwich beam with a balsa wood core reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNT), shape memory alloy (SMA) nanoparticles, and piezoelectromagnetic layers. The governing equations of motion are obtained using the Hamiltonian principle. To measure the validity of this research, the obtained results are compared with the other results, and the results are in agreement with each other. The primary goal is to enhance the sandwich structure’s strength and rigidity by using CNTs reinforcement and SMA nanoparticles, with the piezoelectromagnetic layers functioning as sensors to improve the overall mechanical performance of the beam The use of CNTs can have a favorable effect on the stiffness of the beam and strength-to-weight ratio and also, the effect of the thickness ratio of core on deflection, critical buckling load, and vibration frequency is significant, so that with a decrease of 11.1% in the thickness ratio, the deflection decreases by about 50.2%, the critical buckling load increases by about 101%, and the vibration frequency increases by about 40.7%. Also, with an increase of 0.5 and 3.5 percent of CNT, the deflection of a sandwich beam reduces by 20 and 50 percent, respectively.