Numerical Study of Heat Transfer Enhancement by Applying Magnetic Field on Nanofluid Flowing in Porous Medium

This study investigated the effects of magnetic field on pressure drop and heat transfer enhancement of nanofluid in a pipe containing porous medium by a 2D simulation. The study involves modeling the flow of nanofluid as a single-phase flow and simulating fluid flow through the porous medium using the Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer equation. A constant uniform heat flux around the pipe is used as the thermal boundary condition. The simulations evaluate the effect of several parameters, such as Reynolds number, porosity, thermal conductivity of the porous medium, and nanofluid material. The findings show that utilizing a magnetic field increases heat transfer in nanofluid. Based on the simulations, both pressure drop and heat transfer rates increase with increasing Reynolds number. The rate of heat transfer increases as the thermal conductivity of porous medium increases, and among the selected materials, Ag has the greatest impact on heat transfer, followed by copper, gold, aluminum, and steel. By comparison of metallic ( \({\text{Al}},\mathrm{ Cu}\) $\text{Al},\mathrm{Cu}$ ) and metallic oxide ( \({\text{Si}}{{\text{O}}}_{2},{\text{Ti}}{{\text{O}}}_{2},\mathrm{ CuO}\) $\text{Si}{\text{O}}_2,\text{Ti}{\text{O}}_2,\mathrm{CuO}$ ) nanoparticles it is observed that using Al provides the highest heat transfer. Moreover, increasing porosity (0.8–0.98) decreases heat transfer coefficient. The performance evaluation criteria (PEC) are also examined as a determinant term to select the desirable condition. (The aluminum water nanofluid that is subjected to a magnetic field and moves through a silver-porous medium with a porosity of \(0.9\) $0.9$ has the highest PEC.)