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<p>Silicones, a class of elastomers, are widely used in various applications, including soft robotics, microfluidic devices, biomedical materials, flexible electronics, and wearable sensors. 3D printing is one of the rapidly growing additive manufacturing methods for 3D structuring of materials, and it can expand the use of silicones for diverse applications. For an extrusion-type 3D printing process, such as direct ink writing, the inks require specific rheological properties. However, silicones typically exist as a viscous fluid, making it challenging to 3D print them without additional treatment, such as the incorporation of rheology modifiers. Here, we review common fillers used to modify the rheological properties of silicone for extrusion-based 3D printing. We discuss filler structuring and the resulting emergent rheological properties of silicone. We also review past studies on the applications of 3D-printed silicones with rheology modifiers.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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From 3D particle structuring to the 3D printing of silicones: A review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Chanyoung Kang,
  • Ryun Oh,
  • Daehoon Han,
  • Yeongun Ko,
  • Sangchul Roh

摘要

Silicones, a class of elastomers, are widely used in various applications, including soft robotics, microfluidic devices, biomedical materials, flexible electronics, and wearable sensors. 3D printing is one of the rapidly growing additive manufacturing methods for 3D structuring of materials, and it can expand the use of silicones for diverse applications. For an extrusion-type 3D printing process, such as direct ink writing, the inks require specific rheological properties. However, silicones typically exist as a viscous fluid, making it challenging to 3D print them without additional treatment, such as the incorporation of rheology modifiers. Here, we review common fillers used to modify the rheological properties of silicone for extrusion-based 3D printing. We discuss filler structuring and the resulting emergent rheological properties of silicone. We also review past studies on the applications of 3D-printed silicones with rheology modifiers.

Graphical abstract