A tropical version of Hilbert polynomial (in dimension one)

For a tropical univariate polynomial f we define its tropical Hilbert function as the dimension of a tropical linear prevariety of solutions of the tropical Macaulay matrix of the polynomial up to a (growing) degree. We show that the tropical Hilbert function equals (for sufficiently large degrees) a sum of a linear function and a periodic function with an integer period. The leading coefficient of the linear function coincides with the tropical entropy of f. Also we establish sharp bounds on the tropical entropy.