Behavioral change of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) by infection of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria pseudobassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae)
摘要
The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria pseudobassiana is being explored as a potential biocontrol agent against malaria vectors. This pathogen is known for its significant mortality effects and a range of sub-lethal impacts on various insect species. In this study, we evaluated the effects of B. pseudobassiana infection on multiple biological parameters of adult Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquitoes were inoculated with B. pseudobassiana via tarsal exposure. We assessed changes in feeding propensity, egg production, hatchability, follicle development, and host-seeking behavior in response to CO2 cues, black color, and heat using an automated recording system and a Y-tube olfactometer. Our results indicated a 39% reduction in the blood feeding rate and a 46.6% decrease in total blood ingested. In addition, egg production was significantly reduced, accompanied by a 69.1% decrease in egg hatchability. Infected mosquitoes exhibited impaired and abnormal follicle development, with the presence of blood in the gut. Host-seeking behavior, particularly in response to CO₂, was significantly reduced post-infection. Furthermore, there was a gradual decline in landings on the black target from day 6, and landings on the 10% sucrose solution and the mock target significantly decreased from day 9 post-inoculation in the fungal treatment group compared to the control. A notable reduction in landings on the heat target was observed from day 3 post-inoculation. These findings demonstrate that B. pseudobassiana strain 60-2 effectively impairs key biological functions of A. stephensi, including host searching, blood feeding, and egg production. The results highlight its potential as a biocontrol agent for managing vector-borne diseases.