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<p>This study presents a comprehensive structural health monitoring and seismic performance assessment of the historical Ak Minaret in Malatya, Türkiye, pre- and post-the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Ambient vibration tests performed in 2022 and 2023 revealed measurable and meaningful changes in the dynamic characteristics of the minaret, which were used to calibrate two finite element (FE) models representing its structural state before and after the earthquakes. Mechanical properties of the masonry were experimentally determined through destructive testing of rhyolite tuff blocks salvaged from the collapsed Alacakapı Mosque, constructed with the same local stone type, providing representative material parameters for model updating. Nonlinear time-history analyses were conducted using ground motion records from the earthquake sequence to investigate the seismic response under realistic loading. The results indicate moderate reductions in fundamental frequencies and changes in damping ratios, reflecting slight stiffness degradation primarily in the transition zone and above the balcony. Despite these effects, both numerical results and field observations confirm that the global stability of the minaret was not compromised, with the structure capable of sustaining seismic demands up to approximately 0.38&#xa0;g without collapse. The novelty of this work lies in the integrated use of pre- and post-earthquake dynamic identification, experimentally derived material properties, and calibrated nonlinear analyses on two distinct structural states of the same historical minaret, suggesting valuable insight into cumulative seismic damage and providing guidance for future performance-based assessment, importance of health monitoring and conservation strategies for heritage masonry structures.</p>

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Health monitoring based damage detection and seismic performance assessment of the historical masonry Ak Minaret before and after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月24日

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  • Onur Onat,
  • Engin Özdemir,
  • Ahmet Tuğrul Toy

摘要

This study presents a comprehensive structural health monitoring and seismic performance assessment of the historical Ak Minaret in Malatya, Türkiye, pre- and post-the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Ambient vibration tests performed in 2022 and 2023 revealed measurable and meaningful changes in the dynamic characteristics of the minaret, which were used to calibrate two finite element (FE) models representing its structural state before and after the earthquakes. Mechanical properties of the masonry were experimentally determined through destructive testing of rhyolite tuff blocks salvaged from the collapsed Alacakapı Mosque, constructed with the same local stone type, providing representative material parameters for model updating. Nonlinear time-history analyses were conducted using ground motion records from the earthquake sequence to investigate the seismic response under realistic loading. The results indicate moderate reductions in fundamental frequencies and changes in damping ratios, reflecting slight stiffness degradation primarily in the transition zone and above the balcony. Despite these effects, both numerical results and field observations confirm that the global stability of the minaret was not compromised, with the structure capable of sustaining seismic demands up to approximately 0.38 g without collapse. The novelty of this work lies in the integrated use of pre- and post-earthquake dynamic identification, experimentally derived material properties, and calibrated nonlinear analyses on two distinct structural states of the same historical minaret, suggesting valuable insight into cumulative seismic damage and providing guidance for future performance-based assessment, importance of health monitoring and conservation strategies for heritage masonry structures.