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<p>John Danaher and Sven Nyholm (2024) examine how <i>personal digital duplicates</i> (PDDs) might impact on the value of human individuals. Their analysis centers on what they call the Scarcity Thesis (ST), which posits that individual value derives in part from their scarcity. While acknowledging the value of their framework, we argue that their bipartite distinction between instrumental and intrinsic scarcity overlooks a crucial, distinct form: <i>functional scarcity</i>. Functional scarcity is the rarity of a person who possesses the ability to perform a certain task valued in an economic or social exchange. We contend that this form of scarcity significantly contributes to individual human value and is particularly vulnerable to being undermined by PDDs. Therefore, a truly holistic assessment of PDDs must involve an examination of their effects on functional scarcity.</p>

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Instrumental, Intrinsic, and Functional Scarcity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月11日

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  • Katsunori Miyahara,
  • Hayate Shimizu

摘要

John Danaher and Sven Nyholm (2024) examine how personal digital duplicates (PDDs) might impact on the value of human individuals. Their analysis centers on what they call the Scarcity Thesis (ST), which posits that individual value derives in part from their scarcity. While acknowledging the value of their framework, we argue that their bipartite distinction between instrumental and intrinsic scarcity overlooks a crucial, distinct form: functional scarcity. Functional scarcity is the rarity of a person who possesses the ability to perform a certain task valued in an economic or social exchange. We contend that this form of scarcity significantly contributes to individual human value and is particularly vulnerable to being undermined by PDDs. Therefore, a truly holistic assessment of PDDs must involve an examination of their effects on functional scarcity.