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<p>The present study develops a comprehensive computational framework to model the coupled transport, deposition, and release behaviour of Ibuprofen-loaded (IBU) core-shell sub-micron particles (MPs) delivered by dual-channel hollow microneedles (HMNs). The model integrates laminar fluid flow within the MN lumen and Darcy-based porous flow in the viable epidermis (VE) and dermis layers of the skin. In addition, the model incorporates advection–diffusion of the dissolved drug (IBU) after release from the core-shell particles, along with Lagrangian particle transport and core- and shell-controlled drug release kinetics. The setup allows simultaneous evaluation of particle transport, deposition, residence time, and spatial drug-release profiles. The effects of polymer chemistry, particle size (2 to 8&#xa0;μm), dual-channel HMN lumen diameter (40 to 70&#xa0;μm), and needle array configuration have been systematically investigated. Core and shell particles made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polylactic acid (PLA), and polyglycolic acid (PGA) have been used in this study. It has been found that material and size dependent transport occurs, with PVA shells enabling rapid penetration and early release, whereas PGA shells promote sustained delivery. Smaller particles accumulate and release more drug due to greater penetration through the porous skin microstructure, whereas larger particles exhibit transport limitations. An increase in dual-channel lumen diameter from 40&#xa0;μm to 70&#xa0;μm resulted in greater penetration through the porous skin microstructure, whereas larger particles exhibited an 80% rise in particle deposition and a corresponding increase in cumulative IBU release from 18% to 32.4%. Increasing HMN array density enhances parallel transport channels, resulting in a significant increase in drug release from 8% for a single needle to 50.64% for a 4 × 4 array at 500&#xa0;s, corresponding to a more than six-fold improvement. Overall, this study presents a mechanistic, particle-resolved modelling approach that enhances understanding of HMN-mediated TDD and informs rational system design.</p>

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Numerical modelling for hollow pyramidal microneedle-based drug-loaded particles delivery for controlled drug release

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月14日

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  • Rahul Nadda,
  • Diganta Bhusan Das

摘要

The present study develops a comprehensive computational framework to model the coupled transport, deposition, and release behaviour of Ibuprofen-loaded (IBU) core-shell sub-micron particles (MPs) delivered by dual-channel hollow microneedles (HMNs). The model integrates laminar fluid flow within the MN lumen and Darcy-based porous flow in the viable epidermis (VE) and dermis layers of the skin. In addition, the model incorporates advection–diffusion of the dissolved drug (IBU) after release from the core-shell particles, along with Lagrangian particle transport and core- and shell-controlled drug release kinetics. The setup allows simultaneous evaluation of particle transport, deposition, residence time, and spatial drug-release profiles. The effects of polymer chemistry, particle size (2 to 8 μm), dual-channel HMN lumen diameter (40 to 70 μm), and needle array configuration have been systematically investigated. Core and shell particles made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polylactic acid (PLA), and polyglycolic acid (PGA) have been used in this study. It has been found that material and size dependent transport occurs, with PVA shells enabling rapid penetration and early release, whereas PGA shells promote sustained delivery. Smaller particles accumulate and release more drug due to greater penetration through the porous skin microstructure, whereas larger particles exhibit transport limitations. An increase in dual-channel lumen diameter from 40 μm to 70 μm resulted in greater penetration through the porous skin microstructure, whereas larger particles exhibited an 80% rise in particle deposition and a corresponding increase in cumulative IBU release from 18% to 32.4%. Increasing HMN array density enhances parallel transport channels, resulting in a significant increase in drug release from 8% for a single needle to 50.64% for a 4 × 4 array at 500 s, corresponding to a more than six-fold improvement. Overall, this study presents a mechanistic, particle-resolved modelling approach that enhances understanding of HMN-mediated TDD and informs rational system design.