<p>Sediment plumes represent one of the most significant pollution sources associated with deep-sea mining operations. However, a systematic understanding of sediment dispersion dynamics near mining vehicles remains limited. To address this gap, this study developed a transparent visualization platform for high-resolution simulation of sediment plume behavior during mining vehicle operation. Synthetic sediments, formulated to mimic the composition and physical properties of in-situ deep-sea deposits, were used in the experiments. The experimental system enabled precise control and multidimensional monitoring of the three-dimensional sediment dispersion process. The effects of seabed substrate conditions, vehicle speed, and the intensity of the jet-induced collector on sediment resuspension and plume dispersion were systematically investigated. The results revealed a characteristic feather-like dispersion structure with a distinct conical diffusion zone. Furthermore, an overset grid method was employed to construct a numerical model of the mining vehicle’s operating region. Simulations conducted under identical parameters showed good agreement with the experimental data in terms of plume concentration, dispersion pattern, and velocity, supporting the model’s applicability under the tested conditions.</p>