<p>Using Malliavin’s calculus, it is proved that the generator of the one-parameter unitary semigroup of Schrödinger type on the complex Hilbert space <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1054_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="69" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^2_\mathbb {C}(\mathbb {R}^n,\gamma )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>L</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> equipped with the Gaussian measure <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1054_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1054_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> takes the form <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1054_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="110" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sum _j^n(\mathfrak {h}_2(\phi _{\jmath })+1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mo>∑</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">h</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mi>ȷ</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1054_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {h}_2(\phi _{\jmath })\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">h</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mi>ȷ</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are second-order Hermite polynomials of independent random variables <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1054_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi _\jmath \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mi>ȷ</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, generated by an orthonormal basis in <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1054_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> using the Paley-Wiener maps. The Weyl-Schrödinger unitary irreducible representation of Heisenberg matrix group <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1054_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {H}_{2n+1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">H</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and the Segal-Bargmann transform are essentially used. By applying the inverse Gauss transform, it is found that this representation of <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1054_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {H}_{2n+1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">H</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> can be fully described by complex Weyl pairs, generated using the multiplication operator with a real Gaussian variable on <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1054_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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On Schrödinger semigroups generated by universal Malliavin calculus

  • Oleh Lopushansky

摘要

Using Malliavin’s calculus, it is proved that the generator of the one-parameter unitary semigroup of Schrödinger type on the complex Hilbert space \(L^2_\mathbb {C}(\mathbb {R}^n,\gamma )\) L C 2 ( R n , γ ) equipped with the Gaussian measure \(\gamma \) γ on \(\mathbb {R}^n\) R n takes the form \(\sum _j^n(\mathfrak {h}_2(\phi _{\jmath })+1)\) j n ( h 2 ( ϕ ȷ ) + 1 ) , where \(\mathfrak {h}_2(\phi _{\jmath })\) h 2 ( ϕ ȷ ) are second-order Hermite polynomials of independent random variables \(\phi _\jmath \) ϕ ȷ , generated by an orthonormal basis in \(\mathbb {R}^n\) R n using the Paley-Wiener maps. The Weyl-Schrödinger unitary irreducible representation of Heisenberg matrix group \(\mathbb {H}_{2n+1}\) H 2 n + 1 and the Segal-Bargmann transform are essentially used. By applying the inverse Gauss transform, it is found that this representation of \(\mathbb {H}_{2n+1}\) H 2 n + 1 can be fully described by complex Weyl pairs, generated using the multiplication operator with a real Gaussian variable on \(\mathbb {R}^n\) R n .