<p>We study the multiplicity of normalized solutions of the following (<i>p</i>,&#xa0;<i>q</i>)-Laplacian equation <Equation ID="Equ21"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1025_Article_Equ21.gif" Format="GIF" Height="44" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="350" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\Delta _p u-\Delta _q u=\lambda |u|^{p-2}u+V(\epsilon x)f(u)\ \ \text {in}\ \ \mathbb {R}^N,\\ \int _{\mathbb {R}^N}|u|^pdx=a^p,\\ \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>q</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1025_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="111" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1&lt;p&lt;q&lt;N\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <i>a</i>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1025_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="39" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\epsilon &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1025_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="166" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta _lu:=\hbox {div}(|\nabla u|^{l-2}\nabla u)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>l</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mtext>div</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>l</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1025_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="73" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(l\in \{p,q\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>l</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, stands for the <i>l</i>-Laplacian operator. <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1025_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda \in \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is an unknown parameter that appears as a Lagrange multiplier. <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1025_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="88" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(V:\mathbb {R}^N\rightarrow \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> <mo>:</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a continuous function with some proper assumptions. <i>f</i> is a continuous function with <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1025_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^p\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-mass subcritical growth. By using variational methods, we prove that the equation has multiple normalized solutions, as <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1025_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="10" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\epsilon \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ϵ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is small enough. Precisely, the number of normalized solutions is at least twice that of the global maximum points of <i>V</i>.</p>

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Existence of normalized solutions to a class of non-autonomous (pq)-Laplacian equations

  • Xiaoxiao Cui,
  • Anran Li,
  • Chongqing Wei

摘要

We study the multiplicity of normalized solutions of the following (pq)-Laplacian equation \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\Delta _p u-\Delta _q u=\lambda |u|^{p-2}u+V(\epsilon x)f(u)\ \ \text {in}\ \ \mathbb {R}^N,\\ \int _{\mathbb {R}^N}|u|^pdx=a^p,\\ \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}\) - Δ p u - Δ q u = λ | u | p - 2 u + V ( ϵ x ) f ( u ) in R N , R N | u | p d x = a p , where \(1<p<q<N\) 1 < p < q < N , a, \(\epsilon >0\) ϵ > 0 , \(\Delta _lu:=\hbox {div}(|\nabla u|^{l-2}\nabla u)\) Δ l u : = div ( | u | l - 2 u ) with \(l\in \{p,q\}\) l { p , q } , stands for the l-Laplacian operator. \(\lambda \in \mathbb {R}\) λ R is an unknown parameter that appears as a Lagrange multiplier. \(V:\mathbb {R}^N\rightarrow \mathbb {R}\) V : R N R is a continuous function with some proper assumptions. f is a continuous function with \(L^p\) L p -mass subcritical growth. By using variational methods, we prove that the equation has multiple normalized solutions, as \(\epsilon \) ϵ is small enough. Precisely, the number of normalized solutions is at least twice that of the global maximum points of V.