On the Laplace operator with a weak magnetic field in exterior domains

We study the magnetic Laplacian in a two-dimensional exterior domain with Neumann boundary condition and uniform magnetic field. For the exterior of the disk we establish accurate asymptotics of the low-lying eigenvalues in the weak magnetic field limit. For the exterior of a star-shaped domain, we obtain an asymptotic upper bound on the lowest eigenvalue in the weak field limit, involving the \(4\) $4$ -moment, and optimal for the case of the disk. Moreover, we prove that, for moderate magnetic fields, the exterior of the disk is a local maximizer for the lowest eigenvalue under a \(p\) $p$ -moment constraint.