<p>Wheezing in preschool children is a common clinical challenge characterized by a broad differential diagnosis and marked phenotypic heterogeneity. The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2025 guidelines introduce a structured framework for diagnosing asthma in this age group, shifting from a probabilistic to a more definitive labelling approach. While this represents a significant evolution, its applicability in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) faces significant barriers including caregiver misreporting, limited diagnostic tools, and inconsistent follow-up. This article critically examines these challenges, particularly the risks of overdiagnosis and overtreatment in preschool wheeze within the LMIC context.</p>

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Preschool Wheeze and the GINA 2025 Paradigm: Challenges and Adaptations for LMICs

  • Nikhil Rajvanshi,
  • Prawin Kumar,
  • Paul Aurora,
  • Jagdish Prasad Goyal

摘要

Wheezing in preschool children is a common clinical challenge characterized by a broad differential diagnosis and marked phenotypic heterogeneity. The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2025 guidelines introduce a structured framework for diagnosing asthma in this age group, shifting from a probabilistic to a more definitive labelling approach. While this represents a significant evolution, its applicability in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) faces significant barriers including caregiver misreporting, limited diagnostic tools, and inconsistent follow-up. This article critically examines these challenges, particularly the risks of overdiagnosis and overtreatment in preschool wheeze within the LMIC context.