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Objectives <p>Preterm neonates are at risk of symptomatic postnatal cytomegalovirus (pCMV) acquired from CMV-positive breast milk intake. This study ascertained the proportion of mothers delivering at ≤ 32 weeks’ gestation with CMV lactatia.</p> Methods <p>This prospective study included mother–infant dyads delivered at ≤ 32 weeks’ gestation. CMV was detected in breast milk by quantitative DNA PCR. For the proportion of neonates who tested positive for CMV DNA (urine or blood) at 4–6 weeks of age, clinical outcomes were also measured. CMV load &gt; 42.5 copies/mL was considered positive. Virologic (breast milk and infant blood/urine CMV PCR) and clinical correlates were evaluated.</p> Results <p>Out of the 93 mothers whose fresh breast milk was tested, 50 (53.7%, 95%CI 42.3, 55.9%) were positive for CMV. Out of 43 infants who were tested for CMV in blood or urine at 4–6 weeks of postnatal age, 10 (23%, 95%CI 18.1, 28.6%) turned positive. Significant differences were noted in the duration of respiratory support [47.5 (30, 73) vs 7 (3, 30) days; <i>P</i> = 0.002] and hospital stay [86.5 (80, 98) vs 51 (31, 65) days, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001]&#xa0;between CMV positive and negative infants. CMV-positive status was not an independent risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia [aOR 5.3 (95%CI 0.9–31.0)] and retinopathy of prematurity requiring therapy [aOR 17.3 (95%CI 0.9–194.2)].</p> Conclusion <p>53.7% of mothers delivering prematurely had CMV lactatia; 23% of their infants were positive for CMV at 4–6 weeks of age.</p>

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Cytomegalovirus Secretion in Breast Milk of Mothers Delivering at ≤ 32 Weeks’ Gestation: A Prospective Observational Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月8日

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  • Zubair Ahmad Bhat,
  • Mohamed Muneer Varikkottil,
  • Femitha Pournami,
  • Ajai Kumar Prithvi,
  • Naveen Jain

摘要

Objectives

Preterm neonates are at risk of symptomatic postnatal cytomegalovirus (pCMV) acquired from CMV-positive breast milk intake. This study ascertained the proportion of mothers delivering at ≤ 32 weeks’ gestation with CMV lactatia.

Methods

This prospective study included mother–infant dyads delivered at ≤ 32 weeks’ gestation. CMV was detected in breast milk by quantitative DNA PCR. For the proportion of neonates who tested positive for CMV DNA (urine or blood) at 4–6 weeks of age, clinical outcomes were also measured. CMV load > 42.5 copies/mL was considered positive. Virologic (breast milk and infant blood/urine CMV PCR) and clinical correlates were evaluated.

Results

Out of the 93 mothers whose fresh breast milk was tested, 50 (53.7%, 95%CI 42.3, 55.9%) were positive for CMV. Out of 43 infants who were tested for CMV in blood or urine at 4–6 weeks of postnatal age, 10 (23%, 95%CI 18.1, 28.6%) turned positive. Significant differences were noted in the duration of respiratory support [47.5 (30, 73) vs 7 (3, 30) days; P = 0.002] and hospital stay [86.5 (80, 98) vs 51 (31, 65) days, P < 0.001] between CMV positive and negative infants. CMV-positive status was not an independent risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia [aOR 5.3 (95%CI 0.9–31.0)] and retinopathy of prematurity requiring therapy [aOR 17.3 (95%CI 0.9–194.2)].

Conclusion

53.7% of mothers delivering prematurely had CMV lactatia; 23% of their infants were positive for CMV at 4–6 weeks of age.