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Objectives <p>To compare the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in under-five children using extended composite index of anthropometric failure (eCIAF) using WHO 2006 and 2019 Indian standards.</p> Methods <p>Data of 2,32,920 under-five children as per National Family Health Survey-5 were eligible for inclusion. Incomplete records and extreme z-scores were excluded. eCIAF categories included: A No failure; B Wasted; C Wasted + Underweight; D Wasted + Stunted + Underweight; E Stunted + Underweight; F Stunted; G Stunted + Overweight; H Overweight; Y Underweight; Underfailure (UF): A + B + C + D + E + F + Y; Overfailure (OF): G + H.</p> Results <p>Records of 1,96,015 under-five children were analyzed. 50.1% versus 74% children were categorized as no failure using WHO and Indian standards, respectively (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Prevalence of DBM, UF and OF using WHO reference was significantly higher than using Indian references [49.9% vs. 26%; 48.4% vs. 24.7%; 3.5% vs. 1.9%, respectively].</p> Conclusion <p>Using Indian references prevents misclassification of DBM in under-fives.</p>

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Double Burden of Malnutrition in Under-Five Children (NFHS-5 Data) Using Extended CIAF: WHO 2006 Growth Standard Versus 2019 Indian Growth References

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月2日

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  • Nimisha S. Dange,
  • Vaman Khadilkar,
  • Ketan Gondhalekar,
  • Anuradha V. Khadilkar

摘要

Objectives

To compare the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in under-five children using extended composite index of anthropometric failure (eCIAF) using WHO 2006 and 2019 Indian standards.

Methods

Data of 2,32,920 under-five children as per National Family Health Survey-5 were eligible for inclusion. Incomplete records and extreme z-scores were excluded. eCIAF categories included: A No failure; B Wasted; C Wasted + Underweight; D Wasted + Stunted + Underweight; E Stunted + Underweight; F Stunted; G Stunted + Overweight; H Overweight; Y Underweight; Underfailure (UF): A + B + C + D + E + F + Y; Overfailure (OF): G + H.

Results

Records of 1,96,015 under-five children were analyzed. 50.1% versus 74% children were categorized as no failure using WHO and Indian standards, respectively (P < 0.001). Prevalence of DBM, UF and OF using WHO reference was significantly higher than using Indian references [49.9% vs. 26%; 48.4% vs. 24.7%; 3.5% vs. 1.9%, respectively].

Conclusion

Using Indian references prevents misclassification of DBM in under-fives.