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<p>Steel bracing systems help to control the lateral deformations from wind or seismic loads, with gusset plates transferring forces between beams and columns. The commonly used Uniform Force Method (U.F.M.) often overestimates plate size and assumes uniform stress. Using Abaqus finite element analysis validated against experiments, this study shows U.F.M. overlooks framing effects, mis predict force paths, and creates additional bending. Optimizing plate dimensions independently and adding stiffeners at stress concentrations can reduce stress by up to 80% and lower structural weight. Increasing plate thickness improves stiffness, with limited gain beyond 16 mm. These results support more realistic and efficient gusset plate design, with future research needed on nonlinear behavior, dynamic loads, and different bracing systems.</p>

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Efficiency of Uniform Force Method on the Design of Connections for Braced Frames Under Lateral Load

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Mohamed B. Abdel Wahab,
  • Mohamed A. Galal,
  • Emad S. Salem

摘要

Steel bracing systems help to control the lateral deformations from wind or seismic loads, with gusset plates transferring forces between beams and columns. The commonly used Uniform Force Method (U.F.M.) often overestimates plate size and assumes uniform stress. Using Abaqus finite element analysis validated against experiments, this study shows U.F.M. overlooks framing effects, mis predict force paths, and creates additional bending. Optimizing plate dimensions independently and adding stiffeners at stress concentrations can reduce stress by up to 80% and lower structural weight. Increasing plate thickness improves stiffness, with limited gain beyond 16 mm. These results support more realistic and efficient gusset plate design, with future research needed on nonlinear behavior, dynamic loads, and different bracing systems.