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<p>Cold-formed steel (CFS) lipped channel beams are widely used in building construction because of their high strength-to-weight ratio and ease of fabrication. In practice, web openings are introduced to accommodate mechanical, electrical, and plumbing services, which can change the stiffness, buckling response, and ultimate capacity of these members. Previous research has mainly considered circular and rectangular web openings and has given limited attention to other opening shapes and web stiffening details. This paper presents a nonlinear finite element study of cold-formed steel lipped channel beams with different web opening configurations, including circular, square, hexagonal, and hexagonal openings with web notches. The beam models were developed in ANSYS Mechanical APDL using a bilinear elastic–plastic constitutive law and large deformation analysis. The model was verified with published experimental and numerical results and predicted the ultimate load within about 8 percent of the test values. A parametric study of 128 beams was then carried out to examine the effects of opening shape, opening size, web thickness, span length, and web notches on load–deflection behavior and failure modes. The results showed that beams with hexagonal openings have higher strength and lower deflection than beams with circular or square openings, while hexagonal openings with notches further increase the ultimate load. The findings provide practical guidance for the design and optimization of perforated cold-formed steel beams.</p>

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Behavior of Cold Formed C-Sections with Different Opening Shapes Under Non-Linear Static Loading

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Ahmed A. Sherif,
  • Mohamed Badr,
  • Ahmed Shamel Fahmy

摘要

Cold-formed steel (CFS) lipped channel beams are widely used in building construction because of their high strength-to-weight ratio and ease of fabrication. In practice, web openings are introduced to accommodate mechanical, electrical, and plumbing services, which can change the stiffness, buckling response, and ultimate capacity of these members. Previous research has mainly considered circular and rectangular web openings and has given limited attention to other opening shapes and web stiffening details. This paper presents a nonlinear finite element study of cold-formed steel lipped channel beams with different web opening configurations, including circular, square, hexagonal, and hexagonal openings with web notches. The beam models were developed in ANSYS Mechanical APDL using a bilinear elastic–plastic constitutive law and large deformation analysis. The model was verified with published experimental and numerical results and predicted the ultimate load within about 8 percent of the test values. A parametric study of 128 beams was then carried out to examine the effects of opening shape, opening size, web thickness, span length, and web notches on load–deflection behavior and failure modes. The results showed that beams with hexagonal openings have higher strength and lower deflection than beams with circular or square openings, while hexagonal openings with notches further increase the ultimate load. The findings provide practical guidance for the design and optimization of perforated cold-formed steel beams.