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<p>Steel modular buildings are increasingly applied across various building types; however, effective fireproofing design remains a challenge, particularly for mid-rise structures. Conventional fire protection methods focus on individual structural members (e.g., columns, beams, and walls), leading to constructability limitations and material inefficiencies. Existing fire-resistance standards are not well-suited for modular systems. This study proposes a module-unit fireproofing method that eliminates the need for member-level treatment. Full-scale fire tests were conducted for 1-hour and 2-hour ratings. Results confirmed that steel frame temperatures remained below the average limit of 538&#xa0;°C, and insulation criteria of 165&#xa0;°C were satisfied. A 3D finite element thermal model was also developed and validated against test data. The model showed strong agreement with the experimental results, demonstrating its potential as a predictive tool for future modular fireproofing design.</p>

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Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of Fire Performance in Modular Construction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Joon-Young Choi,
  • Bong-Ho Cho,
  • Ju-Hyung Kim,
  • Tae-Hyu Ha,
  • Kyu-Hong Han,
  • Seul-Ah Kim

摘要

Steel modular buildings are increasingly applied across various building types; however, effective fireproofing design remains a challenge, particularly for mid-rise structures. Conventional fire protection methods focus on individual structural members (e.g., columns, beams, and walls), leading to constructability limitations and material inefficiencies. Existing fire-resistance standards are not well-suited for modular systems. This study proposes a module-unit fireproofing method that eliminates the need for member-level treatment. Full-scale fire tests were conducted for 1-hour and 2-hour ratings. Results confirmed that steel frame temperatures remained below the average limit of 538 °C, and insulation criteria of 165 °C were satisfied. A 3D finite element thermal model was also developed and validated against test data. The model showed strong agreement with the experimental results, demonstrating its potential as a predictive tool for future modular fireproofing design.