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Background <p>Exposure to electric fields has been associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in various tissues. However, the duration-dependent effects of electric field exposure on renal tissue and the balance between adaptive cytoprotective responses and tissue injury remain unclear.</p> Objectives <p>This study aimed to investigate the histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular effects of different durations of 10&#xa0;kV/m electric field exposure on rat kidney tissue, with particular emphasis on oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammatory pathways.</p> Results <p>Forty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control, 1&#xa0;min, 5&#xa0;min, 15&#xa0;min and 30&#xa0;min exposure. Histological analysis (hematoxylin–eosin staining) revealed that the 30&#xa0;min exposure group exhibited severe hyperemia, hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration and tubular degeneration. Immunohistochemical findings demonstrated markedly increased expression of caspase-3 (Cas-3), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and tumor suppressor protein p53 (p53) in the 30&#xa0;min group, indicating activation of apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. Gene expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR showed significant upregulation of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the 1, 5 and 15&#xa0;min groups, suggesting adaptive cytoprotective activation. In contrast, these protective markers were sharply downregulated in the 30&#xa0;min group, coinciding with extensive tissue damage.</p> Conclusions <p>Short-term electric field exposure induces adaptive cytoprotective responses in renal tissue, whereas prolonged exposure (30 min) overwhelms these mechanisms, leading to increased oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and significant histopathological damage.</p>

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Time-dependent antioxidant protection and renal injury following electric field exposure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Atila Altuntas,
  • Esma Selcuk,
  • Halil Asci,
  • Mustafa Gecin,
  • Muhammet Yusuf Tepebasi,
  • Selcuk Comlekci,
  • Ozlem Ozmen

摘要

Background

Exposure to electric fields has been associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in various tissues. However, the duration-dependent effects of electric field exposure on renal tissue and the balance between adaptive cytoprotective responses and tissue injury remain unclear.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular effects of different durations of 10 kV/m electric field exposure on rat kidney tissue, with particular emphasis on oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammatory pathways.

Results

Forty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control, 1 min, 5 min, 15 min and 30 min exposure. Histological analysis (hematoxylin–eosin staining) revealed that the 30 min exposure group exhibited severe hyperemia, hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration and tubular degeneration. Immunohistochemical findings demonstrated markedly increased expression of caspase-3 (Cas-3), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and tumor suppressor protein p53 (p53) in the 30 min group, indicating activation of apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. Gene expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR showed significant upregulation of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the 1, 5 and 15 min groups, suggesting adaptive cytoprotective activation. In contrast, these protective markers were sharply downregulated in the 30 min group, coinciding with extensive tissue damage.

Conclusions

Short-term electric field exposure induces adaptive cytoprotective responses in renal tissue, whereas prolonged exposure (30 min) overwhelms these mechanisms, leading to increased oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and significant histopathological damage.