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Background <p>Sodium (NaCl) is essential for neuronal excitability, muscle contraction, and osmotic balance, yet excessive intake causes cellular stress and dehydration, requiring tight homeostatic control. <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> provides a genetically tractable system to dissect salt sensing and regulation.</p> Objective <p>To summarize current understanding of concentration-dependent salt taste coding and systemic sodium homeostasis in flies.</p> Methods <p>This review integrates genetic, behavioral, electrophysiological, and physiological studies describing (1) peripheral taste receptor neurons mediating differential responses to low- versus high-salt, (2) neural circuits for appetitive versus aversive behaviors, (3) state-dependent plasticity of salt preference, and (4) post-prandial ion balancing in the gut and malpighian tubules.</p> Results <p>Flies exhibit a biphasic behavioral response to salt: low concentrations promote feeding, whereas high concentrations induce aversion. Distinct classes of gustatory receptor neurons encode these opposing valences. Salt preference is further modulated by internal physiological state, integrating sensory detection with systemic ion balance.</p> Conclusion <p>Coordinated sensory, neural, and excretory mechanisms govern ionic homeostasis in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, thereby providing an evolutionarily conserved framework for investigating sodium balance across species.</p>

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Molecular and neural mechanisms of sodium sensation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Nabin Rana,
  • Youngseok Lee

摘要

Background

Sodium (NaCl) is essential for neuronal excitability, muscle contraction, and osmotic balance, yet excessive intake causes cellular stress and dehydration, requiring tight homeostatic control. Drosophila melanogaster provides a genetically tractable system to dissect salt sensing and regulation.

Objective

To summarize current understanding of concentration-dependent salt taste coding and systemic sodium homeostasis in flies.

Methods

This review integrates genetic, behavioral, electrophysiological, and physiological studies describing (1) peripheral taste receptor neurons mediating differential responses to low- versus high-salt, (2) neural circuits for appetitive versus aversive behaviors, (3) state-dependent plasticity of salt preference, and (4) post-prandial ion balancing in the gut and malpighian tubules.

Results

Flies exhibit a biphasic behavioral response to salt: low concentrations promote feeding, whereas high concentrations induce aversion. Distinct classes of gustatory receptor neurons encode these opposing valences. Salt preference is further modulated by internal physiological state, integrating sensory detection with systemic ion balance.

Conclusion

Coordinated sensory, neural, and excretory mechanisms govern ionic homeostasis in Drosophila melanogaster, thereby providing an evolutionarily conserved framework for investigating sodium balance across species.