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<p>Urine-based liquid biopsy represents a transformative, non-invasive diagnostic approach that enables the molecular profiling of tumor-derived biomarkers shed into the urinary tract. By overcoming the limitations of traditional tissue biopsies, this methodology facilitates early cancer detection, real-time monitoring of therapeutic response, and longitudinal disease surveillance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current urine-based liquid biopsy platforms, with a focus on protein and RNA biomarkers in urological cancers. We highlight the clinical relevance of these biomarkers and discuss technological innovations—including multi-omics integration, machine learning applications, and point-of-care testing—that are expanding their diagnostic utility. By leveraging the unique anatomical accessibility of urological malignancies via urine sampling, this field is poised to significantly enhance precision oncology.</p>

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Emerging technologies and clinical translation of urine-based liquid biopsy in urological cancers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月25日

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  • Seo-Yeong Yoon,
  • Gi-Eun Yang,
  • Jong-Kil Nam,
  • Hyeok-Jun Goh,
  • Tae-Nam Kim,
  • Sun-Hee Leem

摘要

Urine-based liquid biopsy represents a transformative, non-invasive diagnostic approach that enables the molecular profiling of tumor-derived biomarkers shed into the urinary tract. By overcoming the limitations of traditional tissue biopsies, this methodology facilitates early cancer detection, real-time monitoring of therapeutic response, and longitudinal disease surveillance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current urine-based liquid biopsy platforms, with a focus on protein and RNA biomarkers in urological cancers. We highlight the clinical relevance of these biomarkers and discuss technological innovations—including multi-omics integration, machine learning applications, and point-of-care testing—that are expanding their diagnostic utility. By leveraging the unique anatomical accessibility of urological malignancies via urine sampling, this field is poised to significantly enhance precision oncology.