Developing a technically useful repairability index for general-purpose PCB electronic circuits
摘要
Various repairability indices have been developed to indicate how easily electronic products can be repaired and to inform consumers. These indices consist of different repair criteria, each of which is assigned a score, and an aggregated total score. However, this approach can be misleading: products that score low on critical criteria can still achieve a high overall repairability score. This masks repair obstacles that only become apparent during the actual repair work, limiting the practical value of these indices. Furthermore, these indices treat printed circuit boards (PCBs) as whole units that need to be replaced, overlooking the unique repair challenges that arise at the PCB level. However, to fully support the circular economy, repairability must be considered at all product-levels. This study addresses these shortcomings by proposing a new, technically grounded repairability index for general purpose PCBs, using power electronic products as a sample case. The index includes PCB-specific repair criteria and warning indicators to identify repair obstacles. It was developed combining repair process modeling, semi-structured interviews with repair experts and a review of existing indices. The final index consists of five weighted criteria: traceability, design features, disassembly/reassembly, diagnostics and spare parts. The weightings were determined based on a survey of 50 electronics and eco-design experts. Presented in the form of a simple tool with built-in warning indicators, this index is intended to promote practical engagement with circular economy and eco-design principles at the PCB-level and provide actionable guidance to manufacturers, service providers and policy makers.