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<p>Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are 85% more propagative than small cell lung cancer, leading to increased pulmonary diseases, necessitating alternative drug solutions. Therefore, the present study was planned to examine the anticancer potential of leaf methanolic extract of <i>A. indica</i> (AILME) against A549 adenocarcinoma cells and possible mode of action, using cytotoxicity analysis and validation using membrane disruption and cell apoptosis assays. AO/EtBr staining confirmed the formation of apoptotic bodies, while alteration in protein expressions was studied using Western blot. Treatment of AILME led to nuclear membrane disruption and DNA fragmentation in treated cells. Apoptosis assay using Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) revealed the suppression of cell growth with early apoptosis at sub-IC<sub>50</sub> (120.05&#xa0;µg/mL) and IC<sub>50</sub> (240.1&#xa0;µg/mL). AILME treatment led to an early apoptosis rate of 25.2% and 39.7% showing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and presence of apoptotic bodies during AO/EtBr staining. Western blot showed the up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl2 proteins validating mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis. The above results could be attributed to the presence of certain bioactive compounds identified from our previous study, such as pyrrolidine, hexadecanoic acid, 1-hexadecanol, 2,3- dihydrofuran and octadecanoic acid. The above bioactive compounds from <i>A. indica</i> could be used for the development of phyto-drugs against lung cancer. The study confirmed the anticancer potency of AILME on A549 through Bax/Bcl2-driven intrinsic apoptosis, a possible and viable alternative to chemotherapy against lung cancer.</p>

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Acalypha indica Linn. leaf methanolic extract inhibits A549 adenocarcinoma cell proliferation via Bax/Bcl2 mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月7日

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  • Kanika Kisku,
  • Depanwita Saha,
  • Hrudananda Sahoo,
  • Umesh Chandra Naik,
  • Nabendu Murmu

摘要

Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are 85% more propagative than small cell lung cancer, leading to increased pulmonary diseases, necessitating alternative drug solutions. Therefore, the present study was planned to examine the anticancer potential of leaf methanolic extract of A. indica (AILME) against A549 adenocarcinoma cells and possible mode of action, using cytotoxicity analysis and validation using membrane disruption and cell apoptosis assays. AO/EtBr staining confirmed the formation of apoptotic bodies, while alteration in protein expressions was studied using Western blot. Treatment of AILME led to nuclear membrane disruption and DNA fragmentation in treated cells. Apoptosis assay using Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) revealed the suppression of cell growth with early apoptosis at sub-IC50 (120.05 µg/mL) and IC50 (240.1 µg/mL). AILME treatment led to an early apoptosis rate of 25.2% and 39.7% showing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and presence of apoptotic bodies during AO/EtBr staining. Western blot showed the up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl2 proteins validating mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis. The above results could be attributed to the presence of certain bioactive compounds identified from our previous study, such as pyrrolidine, hexadecanoic acid, 1-hexadecanol, 2,3- dihydrofuran and octadecanoic acid. The above bioactive compounds from A. indica could be used for the development of phyto-drugs against lung cancer. The study confirmed the anticancer potency of AILME on A549 through Bax/Bcl2-driven intrinsic apoptosis, a possible and viable alternative to chemotherapy against lung cancer.