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<p>The increasing use of glyphosate-based herbicides in agriculture continues to raise significant environmental concerns, particularly their impact on aquatic ecosystems. This study evaluated the responses of <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> to Sarosate® through the erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENAs) assay as biomarker of cytogenotoxicity, and haematological and histopathological analysis as biomarkers of systemic toxicity respectively. The 96-h LC<sub>50</sub> was determined after which <i>C. gariepinus</i> were treated to sub-lethal concentrations of the 96-h LC<sub>50</sub> for 7, 14, and 28 consecutive days respectively. Dechlorinated tap water served as negative controls. At each post-exposure period, blood was collected from control and treated fish and slides were prepared for genotoxicity assessment and haematological indices. Tissue sections of the skin, gill, and liver were also processed for histopathological analysis. The 96-h LC<sub>50</sub> was 1.80&#xa0;g/L. Results indicated a significant (p &lt; 0.05) concentration- and time-dependent increase in the frequencies of ENAs for all post exposure period however, the highest ENAs frequency was observed after 28&#xa0;days post-exposure. Haematological analysis showed a concentration- and time-dependent reduction in hemoglobin (HB), hematocrit (HC), and red blood cell (RBC) levels while the White blood cell (WBC) counts increased. Histopathological examination revealed severe lesions in the gills (shortened and sloughed lamellae), liver (hepatocyte vacuolation, necrosis, and cellular infiltrates), and skin (erosion and thickening). These findings demonstrate that glyphosate-based herbicides have the potential to induce cumulative toxicity, impair physiological functions, and cause organ-specific damage in fish. Continuous exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides may exacerbate risks of genetic damage, impaired fish health, and biodiversity loss. </p>

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Glyphosate-based herbicide induced cytogenetic, haematological and histopathological responses in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1882)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月20日

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  • Olukunle S. Fagbenro,
  • Taiwo F. Akinyanju,
  • Babafemi Siji Ajisebiola

摘要

The increasing use of glyphosate-based herbicides in agriculture continues to raise significant environmental concerns, particularly their impact on aquatic ecosystems. This study evaluated the responses of Clarias gariepinus to Sarosate® through the erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENAs) assay as biomarker of cytogenotoxicity, and haematological and histopathological analysis as biomarkers of systemic toxicity respectively. The 96-h LC50 was determined after which C. gariepinus were treated to sub-lethal concentrations of the 96-h LC50 for 7, 14, and 28 consecutive days respectively. Dechlorinated tap water served as negative controls. At each post-exposure period, blood was collected from control and treated fish and slides were prepared for genotoxicity assessment and haematological indices. Tissue sections of the skin, gill, and liver were also processed for histopathological analysis. The 96-h LC50 was 1.80 g/L. Results indicated a significant (p < 0.05) concentration- and time-dependent increase in the frequencies of ENAs for all post exposure period however, the highest ENAs frequency was observed after 28 days post-exposure. Haematological analysis showed a concentration- and time-dependent reduction in hemoglobin (HB), hematocrit (HC), and red blood cell (RBC) levels while the White blood cell (WBC) counts increased. Histopathological examination revealed severe lesions in the gills (shortened and sloughed lamellae), liver (hepatocyte vacuolation, necrosis, and cellular infiltrates), and skin (erosion and thickening). These findings demonstrate that glyphosate-based herbicides have the potential to induce cumulative toxicity, impair physiological functions, and cause organ-specific damage in fish. Continuous exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides may exacerbate risks of genetic damage, impaired fish health, and biodiversity loss.