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<p><i>Betula utilis</i>, commonly known as Himalayan Birch or Bhojpatra, is one of the most prevalent timberline species of the Western Himalaya, holding a great ecological and socio-cultural significance. Compared to its European counterparts, the Himalayan Birch has been inadequately studied due to inaccessible and difficult terrain. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the population-level genetic diversity, identify diversity hotspots, and decipher population genetic structure using genic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In total, 297 individual trees from 11 populations of Uttarakhand Himalaya were evaluated by 16 polymorphic SSR loci. Based on the calculated diversity indices, the populations are characterized to be genetically sturdy with a high genetic diversity and low genetic differentiation. However, a positive value of the inbreeding coefficient and robust genetic structure indicated that the populations have started to adopt the genetic changes imposed by the various external factors. We recommend four populations as diversity hotspots, namely BU01, BU06, BU10, and BU11, to be included in the conservation program. Further, clustering and Bayesian analysis revealed four gene pools, and at least one population from each gene pool is suggested to be included in the conservation program. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of&#xa0;the most comprehensive genetic studies carried out on any Himalayan Birch, and the information generated herein is novel and of paramount importance in guiding conservation decisions.</p>

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SSR marker-based characterization of the timberline Himalayan Birch (Betula utilis D. Don) for genetic diversity and population structure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月28日

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  • Rajendra K. Meena,
  • Maneesh S. Bhandari,
  • Shivani Rohilla,
  • Haripriya Kavidayal,
  • Anita Rawat,
  • Shanti Saroj,
  • Chander Shekhar,
  • Santan Barthwal,
  • Shailesh Pandey,
  • Harish S. Ginwal

摘要

Betula utilis, commonly known as Himalayan Birch or Bhojpatra, is one of the most prevalent timberline species of the Western Himalaya, holding a great ecological and socio-cultural significance. Compared to its European counterparts, the Himalayan Birch has been inadequately studied due to inaccessible and difficult terrain. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the population-level genetic diversity, identify diversity hotspots, and decipher population genetic structure using genic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In total, 297 individual trees from 11 populations of Uttarakhand Himalaya were evaluated by 16 polymorphic SSR loci. Based on the calculated diversity indices, the populations are characterized to be genetically sturdy with a high genetic diversity and low genetic differentiation. However, a positive value of the inbreeding coefficient and robust genetic structure indicated that the populations have started to adopt the genetic changes imposed by the various external factors. We recommend four populations as diversity hotspots, namely BU01, BU06, BU10, and BU11, to be included in the conservation program. Further, clustering and Bayesian analysis revealed four gene pools, and at least one population from each gene pool is suggested to be included in the conservation program. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the most comprehensive genetic studies carried out on any Himalayan Birch, and the information generated herein is novel and of paramount importance in guiding conservation decisions.