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<p>Hydrocarbon-based ionomer binders for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) often suffer from severe mass transport limitations and poor chemical durability due to vulnerable aryl-ether linkages. To address these issues, we report an ether-free, rigid polycarbazole-based ionomer (sPCTFP) designed to intrinsically enhance both gas permeability and oxidative stability. The contorted backbone structure of sPCTFP restricts the dense packing of polymer chains, resulting in substantially higher gas permeability compared to conventional hydrocarbon binders. Furthermore, small-angle X-ray scattering analysis reveals a well-defined microphase separation, providing highly interconnected proton conduction pathways. The complete elimination of aryl-ether bonds endows the ionomer with exceptional chemical durability during the Fenton test (91% weight retention without physical deformation), while the rigid backbone ensures robust mechanical toughness (17&#xa0;MPa) in a fully hydrated state. By optimizing the nano-scale dispersion of the catalyst ink, the sPCTFP-based membrane electrode assembly achieves a peak power density of 375 mW cm<sup>–2</sup> and a high limiting current density of 1400&#xa0;mA cm<sup>–2</sup> under ambient pressure, significantly outperforming the reference SPAES50. Under a mild back pressure of 0.5&#xa0;bar, the cell performance dramatically increases to 908 mW cm<sup>–2</sup>. These results demonstrate that the ether-free rigid backbone design is a highly effective strategy for developing practical, high-performance hydrocarbon binders for next-generation PEMFCs.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Promising ionomer materials with outstanding cell performance for all hydrocarbon-based PEMFCs

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Dong-Chan Kim,
  • Min Suc Cha,
  • Dae Hwan Shin,
  • Tae-Ho Kim,
  • Duk Man Yu,
  • Sungjun Kim,
  • Ara Cho,
  • Jeong Bang Ko,
  • Se In Park,
  • Seung Won Baek,
  • Jang Yong Lee

摘要

Hydrocarbon-based ionomer binders for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) often suffer from severe mass transport limitations and poor chemical durability due to vulnerable aryl-ether linkages. To address these issues, we report an ether-free, rigid polycarbazole-based ionomer (sPCTFP) designed to intrinsically enhance both gas permeability and oxidative stability. The contorted backbone structure of sPCTFP restricts the dense packing of polymer chains, resulting in substantially higher gas permeability compared to conventional hydrocarbon binders. Furthermore, small-angle X-ray scattering analysis reveals a well-defined microphase separation, providing highly interconnected proton conduction pathways. The complete elimination of aryl-ether bonds endows the ionomer with exceptional chemical durability during the Fenton test (91% weight retention without physical deformation), while the rigid backbone ensures robust mechanical toughness (17 MPa) in a fully hydrated state. By optimizing the nano-scale dispersion of the catalyst ink, the sPCTFP-based membrane electrode assembly achieves a peak power density of 375 mW cm–2 and a high limiting current density of 1400 mA cm–2 under ambient pressure, significantly outperforming the reference SPAES50. Under a mild back pressure of 0.5 bar, the cell performance dramatically increases to 908 mW cm–2. These results demonstrate that the ether-free rigid backbone design is a highly effective strategy for developing practical, high-performance hydrocarbon binders for next-generation PEMFCs.

Graphical abstract