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<p>In this study, an eco-friendly approach was employed to synthesize sodium alginate-graft-butyl acrylate (SA-g-BA) copolymers through free radical polymerization using potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiator. Key reaction variables, including initiator concentration, monomer dosage, temperature, and time, were systematically optimized to achieve a maximum grafting percentage of 450%. The structural and thermal properties of the grafted copolymers were characterized using FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM/EDX/MAP, and TEM analyses, confirming successful grafting and improved thermal stability. The results revealed that grafting with butyl acrylate significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the alginate backbone, with higher grafting ratios correlating with increased decomposition temperatures and residual mass. This enhancement can be ascribed to the presence of thermally stable ester groups in the poly(butyl acrylate) chains. The grafted copolymer was then employed as a sustainable matrix for the eco-friendly production of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), using ascorbic acid and sodium citrate as reducing agents. The resulting SA-g-BA/Ag nanocomposite exhibited uniformly distributed Ag NPs (14–38 nm), as confirmed by TEM and EDX/MAP analyses. Antibacterial testing against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> demonstrated significant inhibition, with the SA-g-BA/Ag composite achieving 94.38% and 75.5%, respectively. This dual-functional nanocomposite, combining improved thermal stability, hydrophobic grafting, and silver-based antibacterial activity, offers promising potential for applications in biomedical devices, food packaging, and antimicrobial coatings.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis of novel eco-friendly antibacterial silver-alginate graft copolymer nanocomposites: optimization and efficacy enhancement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Ahmed Abdelgawad,
  • Mostafa E. Salem,
  • Soliman M. A. Soliman,
  • Ismail A. Abdelhamid,
  • Mohamed Abdel-Megid,
  • Ahmed M. Elgamal

摘要

In this study, an eco-friendly approach was employed to synthesize sodium alginate-graft-butyl acrylate (SA-g-BA) copolymers through free radical polymerization using potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiator. Key reaction variables, including initiator concentration, monomer dosage, temperature, and time, were systematically optimized to achieve a maximum grafting percentage of 450%. The structural and thermal properties of the grafted copolymers were characterized using FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM/EDX/MAP, and TEM analyses, confirming successful grafting and improved thermal stability. The results revealed that grafting with butyl acrylate significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the alginate backbone, with higher grafting ratios correlating with increased decomposition temperatures and residual mass. This enhancement can be ascribed to the presence of thermally stable ester groups in the poly(butyl acrylate) chains. The grafted copolymer was then employed as a sustainable matrix for the eco-friendly production of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), using ascorbic acid and sodium citrate as reducing agents. The resulting SA-g-BA/Ag nanocomposite exhibited uniformly distributed Ag NPs (14–38 nm), as confirmed by TEM and EDX/MAP analyses. Antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli demonstrated significant inhibition, with the SA-g-BA/Ag composite achieving 94.38% and 75.5%, respectively. This dual-functional nanocomposite, combining improved thermal stability, hydrophobic grafting, and silver-based antibacterial activity, offers promising potential for applications in biomedical devices, food packaging, and antimicrobial coatings.

Graphical abstract