<p>The growth of solutions of differential-difference equations is studied by using Nevanlinna theory. On the one hand, the growth of entire solutions of differential-difference equation <Equation ID="Equ26"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} f^n(z)f^{(k)}(z)+q(z)e^{Q(z)}f(z+c)=u(z)e^{v(z)} \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mi>Q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>is obtained, where <i>q</i>,&#xa0;<i>Q</i>,&#xa0;<i>u</i>,&#xa0;<i>v</i> are polynomials such that <i>Q</i>(<i>z</i>) is not a constant and <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(q(z)u(z)\not \equiv 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>≢</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <i>c</i> is a constant, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k\ge 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are integers, which improves the results of Chen et al. [Rocky Mountain J. Math. 52, 1251-1266 (2022)]. On the other hand, the growth and form of entire solutions of differential-difference equation <Equation ID="Equ27"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} f^n(z)+\omega f^{n-1}(z)f^{(k)}(z)+q(z)e^{Q(z)}\mathcal {D}(z,f)=p_1(z)e^{\lambda _1z}+p_2(z)e^{\lambda _2z} \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>ω</mi> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mi>Q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="script">D</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>are described, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {D}(z,f)=\sum _{i=0}^{l}b_if^{(t_i)}(z+c_i)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">D</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mi>l</mi> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(b_i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(c_i\in \mathbb {C}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t_i(i=0,...,l)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are non-negative integers, <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n, k(\ge 1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are integers, <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p_1, p_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda _1,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda _2(\lambda _1\ne \lambda _2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>≠</mo> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are non-zero constants, <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a constant, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(q(\not \equiv 0)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>≢</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <i>Q</i>(<i>z</i>) are polynomials such that <i>Q</i>(<i>z</i>) is non-constant, which extends the results of Erajikkappa et al. [Electron. J. Differ. Equations. 2025, 1-10 (2025)]. In addition, some examples are given to illustrate the accuracy of the results.</p>

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On transcendental entire solutions of two certain non-linear differential-difference equations

  • Ling Yang,
  • Jianren Long,
  • Xuxu Xiang,
  • Changwen Peng

摘要

The growth of solutions of differential-difference equations is studied by using Nevanlinna theory. On the one hand, the growth of entire solutions of differential-difference equation \(\begin{aligned} f^n(z)f^{(k)}(z)+q(z)e^{Q(z)}f(z+c)=u(z)e^{v(z)} \end{aligned}\) f n ( z ) f ( k ) ( z ) + q ( z ) e Q ( z ) f ( z + c ) = u ( z ) e v ( z ) is obtained, where qQuv are polynomials such that Q(z) is not a constant and \(q(z)u(z)\not \equiv 0\) q ( z ) u ( z ) 0 and c is a constant, \(n\ge 1\) n 1 , \(k\ge 0\) k 0 are integers, which improves the results of Chen et al. [Rocky Mountain J. Math. 52, 1251-1266 (2022)]. On the other hand, the growth and form of entire solutions of differential-difference equation \(\begin{aligned} f^n(z)+\omega f^{n-1}(z)f^{(k)}(z)+q(z)e^{Q(z)}\mathcal {D}(z,f)=p_1(z)e^{\lambda _1z}+p_2(z)e^{\lambda _2z} \end{aligned}\) f n ( z ) + ω f n - 1 ( z ) f ( k ) ( z ) + q ( z ) e Q ( z ) D ( z , f ) = p 1 ( z ) e λ 1 z + p 2 ( z ) e λ 2 z are described, where \(\mathcal {D}(z,f)=\sum _{i=0}^{l}b_if^{(t_i)}(z+c_i)\) D ( z , f ) = i = 0 l b i f ( t i ) ( z + c i ) , \(b_i\) b i , \(c_i\in \mathbb {C}\) c i C , \(t_i(i=0,...,l)\) t i ( i = 0 , . . . , l ) are non-negative integers, \(n, k(\ge 1)\) n , k ( 1 ) are integers, \(p_1, p_2\) p 1 , p 2 , \(\lambda _1,\) λ 1 , \(\lambda _2(\lambda _1\ne \lambda _2)\) λ 2 ( λ 1 λ 2 ) are non-zero constants, \(\omega \) ω is a constant, and \(q(\not \equiv 0)\) q ( 0 ) , Q(z) are polynomials such that Q(z) is non-constant, which extends the results of Erajikkappa et al. [Electron. J. Differ. Equations. 2025, 1-10 (2025)]. In addition, some examples are given to illustrate the accuracy of the results.