<p>In this paper, we consider generalized Delannoy paths with steps <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(E_i=(i, 0)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N_i=(0, i)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(D_i=(i, i), i&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S_{j, i}=(j, i), j&gt;i&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where all steps are weighted by 1 for <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(E_{i}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a_i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N_{i}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(b_i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(D_i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(e_i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S_{j, i}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, respectively. Under the restriction of below the main diagonal <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(y=x\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, these paths can be viewed as a unified generalization of the well-known Dyck paths, Schröder paths, and Delannoy paths. Using the almost-Riordan array method, we introduce a new family of generalized Delannoy matrices associated with the generalized Delannoy paths such that the weight functions <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a(t)=\sum _{i\ge 1}a_it^i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(b(t)=\sum _{i\ge 1}b_it^i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(e(t)=\sum _{i\ge 1}e_it^i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. When weight functions are specialized, we obtain numerous combinatorial matrices such as generalized Schröder matrices, generalized Catalan matrices, etc. We also study the correlations between these matrices and give several examples.</p>

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Combinatorial matrices arising from lattice paths with infinite types of steps

  • Liming Zhang,
  • Xiqiang Zhao

摘要

In this paper, we consider generalized Delannoy paths with steps \(E_i=(i, 0)\) E i = ( i , 0 ) , \(N_i=(0, i)\) N i = ( 0 , i ) , \(D_i=(i, i), i>0\) D i = ( i , i ) , i > 0 , and \(S_{j, i}=(j, i), j>i>0\) S j , i = ( j , i ) , j > i > 0 , where all steps are weighted by 1 for \(E_{i}\) E i , \(a_i\) a i for \(N_{i}\) N i , \(b_i\) b i for \(D_i\) D i and \(e_i\) e i for \(S_{j, i}\) S j , i , respectively. Under the restriction of below the main diagonal \(y=x\) y = x , these paths can be viewed as a unified generalization of the well-known Dyck paths, Schröder paths, and Delannoy paths. Using the almost-Riordan array method, we introduce a new family of generalized Delannoy matrices associated with the generalized Delannoy paths such that the weight functions \(a(t)=\sum _{i\ge 1}a_it^i\) a ( t ) = i 1 a i t i , \(b(t)=\sum _{i\ge 1}b_it^i\) b ( t ) = i 1 b i t i and \(e(t)=\sum _{i\ge 1}e_it^i\) e ( t ) = i 1 e i t i . When weight functions are specialized, we obtain numerous combinatorial matrices such as generalized Schröder matrices, generalized Catalan matrices, etc. We also study the correlations between these matrices and give several examples.