<p>In this paper, we study the following sub-elliptic systems of inequalities <Equation ID="Equ53"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13226_2025_840_Article_Equ53.gif" Format="GIF" Height="64" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="496" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{lcc} \Delta _\mathbb {H}u+h_1(\xi )v^p\le 0\ \ \text{ in }\ \Omega ,\\ \Delta _\mathbb {H}v+h_2(\xi )u^q\le 0\ \ \text{ in }\ \Omega , \end{array} \right. \ \text{ and }\ \ \ \left\{ \begin{array}{lcc} \Delta _\mathbb {H}u+h_1(\xi )v^p\le 0\ \ \text{ in }\ \Omega ,\\ \Delta _\mathbb {H}v+h_2(\xi )w^q\le 0\ \ \text{ in }\ \Omega ,\\ \Delta _\mathbb {H}w+h_3(\xi )u^s\le 0\ \ \text{ in }\ \Omega , \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">H</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">H</mi> </msub> <mi>v</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>q</mi> </msup> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>and</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">H</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">H</mi> </msub> <mi>v</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>w</mi> <mi>q</mi> </msup> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">H</mi> </msub> <mi>w</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msup> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13226_2025_840_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta _\mathbb {H}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">H</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> denotes the Heisenberg Laplacian in the Heisenberg group <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13226_2025_840_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="74" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {H}^n(n\ge 1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">H</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13226_2025_840_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(h_i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13226_2025_840_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="80" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((i=1,2,3)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are some non-negative functions, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13226_2025_840_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="56" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb {H}^n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">H</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is an unbounded domain. By using the test functions method and some analysis techniques, we prove that, under suitable conditions on <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13226_2025_840_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(h_i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <i>p</i>, <i>q</i>, <i>s</i> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13226_2025_840_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the above sub-elliptic systems do not possess positive solutions.</p>

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Liouville-type theorems for sub-elliptic inequalities in the Heisenberg group

  • Yu-Cheng An,
  • Fang Liu,
  • Hairong Liu

摘要

In this paper, we study the following sub-elliptic systems of inequalities \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{lcc} \Delta _\mathbb {H}u+h_1(\xi )v^p\le 0\ \ \text{ in }\ \Omega ,\\ \Delta _\mathbb {H}v+h_2(\xi )u^q\le 0\ \ \text{ in }\ \Omega , \end{array} \right. \ \text{ and }\ \ \ \left\{ \begin{array}{lcc} \Delta _\mathbb {H}u+h_1(\xi )v^p\le 0\ \ \text{ in }\ \Omega ,\\ \Delta _\mathbb {H}v+h_2(\xi )w^q\le 0\ \ \text{ in }\ \Omega ,\\ \Delta _\mathbb {H}w+h_3(\xi )u^s\le 0\ \ \text{ in }\ \Omega , \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}\) Δ H u + h 1 ( ξ ) v p 0 in Ω , Δ H v + h 2 ( ξ ) u q 0 in Ω , and Δ H u + h 1 ( ξ ) v p 0 in Ω , Δ H v + h 2 ( ξ ) w q 0 in Ω , Δ H w + h 3 ( ξ ) u s 0 in Ω , where \(\Delta _\mathbb {H}\) Δ H denotes the Heisenberg Laplacian in the Heisenberg group \(\mathbb {H}^n(n\ge 1)\) H n ( n 1 ) , and \(h_i\) h i \((i=1,2,3)\) ( i = 1 , 2 , 3 ) are some non-negative functions, and \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {H}^n\) Ω H n is an unbounded domain. By using the test functions method and some analysis techniques, we prove that, under suitable conditions on \(h_i\) h i , p, q, s and \(\Omega \) Ω , the above sub-elliptic systems do not possess positive solutions.