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Background <p>To study the first trimester fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, and HbA1c for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).</p> Methodology <p>The study was conducted in 402 pregnant women consecutively visiting between 8 and 12&#xa0;weeks at Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences &amp; Dr&#xa0;Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New Delhi, following inclusion and exclusion criteria. After an 8-h overnight fasting, blood samples were collected to measure serum insulin, blood sugar, and HbA1c levels. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted, and diagnosis of GDM was made using DIPSI criteria. The patients who had blood glucose exceeding 140&#xa0;mg/dL were managed as per hospital protocols, while the patients with blood glucose less than 140&#xa0;mg/dL were followed at antenatal clinic regularly, and OGTT as per DIPSI was repeated at 24–28&#xa0;weeks. Those with normal OGTT were managed as per hospital protocols. Data were analyzed between patients who developed GDM and women who had normal OGTT (non-GDM).</p> Results <p>In this study, 49/402 (12.1%) were diagnosed with GDM. The cutoff values of 83&#xa0;mg/dL for FBS, 7.2 mIU/L for fasting insulin, and 5.1% for HbA1c can be used to predict GDM in the first trimester, with sensitivities of 75.5%, 77.6%, and 93.9% and specificities of 49.7%, 54%, and 72.1%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was reported as 45% for FBS, 57% for fasting insulin, and 60.9% for HbA1c.</p> Conclusions <p>FBS, fasting insulin, and HbA1c can be used for early prediction of GDM.</p>

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First Trimester Fasting Blood Sugar, Fasting Insulin, and HBA1C for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • Madhulika Kotwal,
  • Kamna Datta,
  • Neera Sharma,
  • Ashok Kumar

摘要

Background

To study the first trimester fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, and HbA1c for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methodology

The study was conducted in 402 pregnant women consecutively visiting between 8 and 12 weeks at Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences & Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New Delhi, following inclusion and exclusion criteria. After an 8-h overnight fasting, blood samples were collected to measure serum insulin, blood sugar, and HbA1c levels. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted, and diagnosis of GDM was made using DIPSI criteria. The patients who had blood glucose exceeding 140 mg/dL were managed as per hospital protocols, while the patients with blood glucose less than 140 mg/dL were followed at antenatal clinic regularly, and OGTT as per DIPSI was repeated at 24–28 weeks. Those with normal OGTT were managed as per hospital protocols. Data were analyzed between patients who developed GDM and women who had normal OGTT (non-GDM).

Results

In this study, 49/402 (12.1%) were diagnosed with GDM. The cutoff values of 83 mg/dL for FBS, 7.2 mIU/L for fasting insulin, and 5.1% for HbA1c can be used to predict GDM in the first trimester, with sensitivities of 75.5%, 77.6%, and 93.9% and specificities of 49.7%, 54%, and 72.1%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was reported as 45% for FBS, 57% for fasting insulin, and 60.9% for HbA1c.

Conclusions

FBS, fasting insulin, and HbA1c can be used for early prediction of GDM.