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Background <p>Essential mineral deficiencies affect all age groups, but pregnant women and children are especially vulnerable. Pregnancy increases metabolic demands, requiring adequate nutrients for placental, fetal, and maternal development, yet in lowresource settings these needs are often unmet.</p> Methods <p>This study assessed essential minerals; copper, zinc, selenium, iron, manganese, magnesium, molybdenum, cobalt, and calcium in 599 pregnant women (323 anaemic, 276 non-anaemic). Anaemia severity was classified using WHO guidelines, and mineral levels were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.</p> Result <p>Gestational age was significantly lower in anaemic women (29.27 ± 3.76&#xa0;weeks) compared to non-anaemic (29.93 ± 4.19&#xa0;weeks; <i>p</i> = 0.042). Serum concentrations of copper (1799.0 ± 933.11 vs. 2125.10 ± 1245.67&#xa0;µg/L; <i>p</i> = 0.0003), zinc (557.98 ± 482.84 vs. 704.07 ± 438.06&#xa0;µg/L; <i>p</i> = 0.0001), selenium (148.57 ± 71.52 vs. 169.97 ± 118.88&#xa0;µg/L; <i>p</i> = 0.006), iron (70.64 ± 52.69 vs. 113.72 ± 101.19&#xa0;µg/dL; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), manganese (2.54 ± 1.55 vs. 4.36 ± 2.54&#xa0;µg/L; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), magnesium (1.96 ± 0.54 vs. 2.08 ± 0.36&#xa0;mg/dL; <i>p</i> = 0.001), molybdenum (0.97 ± 0.53 vs. 1.92 ± 1.73&#xa0;µg/L; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), and cobalt (0.85 ± 1.97 vs. 3.03 ± 0.49&#xa0;µg/L; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) were all significantly lower in the anaemic group. Mean mineral levels declined with increasing anaemia severity. Haemoglobin correlated positively with copper (r = 0.219), zinc (r = 0.133), selenium (r = 0.289), iron (r = 0.180), manganese (r = 0.150), cobalt (r = 0.268), and calcium (r = 0.252) (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).These findings demonstrate that deficiencies in multiple trace elements impair hematopoiesis, contributing to anaemia and maternal–fetal risks.</p> Conclusion <p>Early detection and targeted supplementation of essential minerals are critical to reducing anaemia and improving pregnancy outcomes.</p>

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Interplay of Essential Minerals and Anaemia in Pregnant Women of Eastern Uttar Pradesh

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月19日

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  • Chandrakesh Mishra,
  • Shivani Singh,
  • Juhi Verma,
  • Rupita Kulshrestha,
  • Manish Raj Kulshrestha,
  • Rachna

摘要

Background

Essential mineral deficiencies affect all age groups, but pregnant women and children are especially vulnerable. Pregnancy increases metabolic demands, requiring adequate nutrients for placental, fetal, and maternal development, yet in lowresource settings these needs are often unmet.

Methods

This study assessed essential minerals; copper, zinc, selenium, iron, manganese, magnesium, molybdenum, cobalt, and calcium in 599 pregnant women (323 anaemic, 276 non-anaemic). Anaemia severity was classified using WHO guidelines, and mineral levels were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Result

Gestational age was significantly lower in anaemic women (29.27 ± 3.76 weeks) compared to non-anaemic (29.93 ± 4.19 weeks; p = 0.042). Serum concentrations of copper (1799.0 ± 933.11 vs. 2125.10 ± 1245.67 µg/L; p = 0.0003), zinc (557.98 ± 482.84 vs. 704.07 ± 438.06 µg/L; p = 0.0001), selenium (148.57 ± 71.52 vs. 169.97 ± 118.88 µg/L; p = 0.006), iron (70.64 ± 52.69 vs. 113.72 ± 101.19 µg/dL; p < 0.0001), manganese (2.54 ± 1.55 vs. 4.36 ± 2.54 µg/L; p < 0.0001), magnesium (1.96 ± 0.54 vs. 2.08 ± 0.36 mg/dL; p = 0.001), molybdenum (0.97 ± 0.53 vs. 1.92 ± 1.73 µg/L; p < 0.0001), and cobalt (0.85 ± 1.97 vs. 3.03 ± 0.49 µg/L; p < 0.0001) were all significantly lower in the anaemic group. Mean mineral levels declined with increasing anaemia severity. Haemoglobin correlated positively with copper (r = 0.219), zinc (r = 0.133), selenium (r = 0.289), iron (r = 0.180), manganese (r = 0.150), cobalt (r = 0.268), and calcium (r = 0.252) (all p < 0.05).These findings demonstrate that deficiencies in multiple trace elements impair hematopoiesis, contributing to anaemia and maternal–fetal risks.

Conclusion

Early detection and targeted supplementation of essential minerals are critical to reducing anaemia and improving pregnancy outcomes.