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<p>Paper, a widely available material, has emerged as a promising microfluidic substrate for cost-effective, portable, and equipment-free assays. Simultaneously, the fabrication of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) is gaining importance in the development of diverse sensing applications. Unfortunately, the current methods for fabricating μPADs suffer from low resolution in multidimensional channel creation and limited compatibility with organic solvents. To address these issues, we develop a photolithographic fabrication method that defines hydrophobic barriers using solvent-compatible and photocurable perfluoropolyether (PFPE). This method enables the creation of three-dimensional (3D) fluidic channels within a single piece of paper through double-sided photolithography using different masks. We develop a robust fabrication process by optimizing UV exposure and refining the washing protocol, ensuring solvent resistance and stable fluid flow in 3D-μPADs. By integrating a macromolecule-driven flow (MDF) gate, we enable precise control over stop-or-go fluid flow, facilitating portable detection and differentiation of organic chemicals. We successfully distinguish seven organic chemicals by digitally analyzing the differential flow patterns from five MDF gates. This demonstrates the promise of solvent-resistant 3D-μPADs for broad sensing applications.</p>

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A Robust, Solvent-Resistant Paper-Based Platform for Discriminative Detection of Organic Solvents

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月23日

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  • Gong Qian,
  • Eun-Bi Kim,
  • Heon-Ho Jeong

摘要

Paper, a widely available material, has emerged as a promising microfluidic substrate for cost-effective, portable, and equipment-free assays. Simultaneously, the fabrication of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) is gaining importance in the development of diverse sensing applications. Unfortunately, the current methods for fabricating μPADs suffer from low resolution in multidimensional channel creation and limited compatibility with organic solvents. To address these issues, we develop a photolithographic fabrication method that defines hydrophobic barriers using solvent-compatible and photocurable perfluoropolyether (PFPE). This method enables the creation of three-dimensional (3D) fluidic channels within a single piece of paper through double-sided photolithography using different masks. We develop a robust fabrication process by optimizing UV exposure and refining the washing protocol, ensuring solvent resistance and stable fluid flow in 3D-μPADs. By integrating a macromolecule-driven flow (MDF) gate, we enable precise control over stop-or-go fluid flow, facilitating portable detection and differentiation of organic chemicals. We successfully distinguish seven organic chemicals by digitally analyzing the differential flow patterns from five MDF gates. This demonstrates the promise of solvent-resistant 3D-μPADs for broad sensing applications.