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<p>Nutrition, encompassing vital macro- and micronutrients (including carbs, proteins, fats, vitamins such as D and C, and minerals like iron and calcium), is fundamental to supporting life, fostering healthy ageing, and averting disease. The information on the combined impact of dietary patterns, nutritional content, and lifestyle factors on metabolic health, disease risk, and healthy ageing is summarised in this publication. According to the discussion, both macronutrient and micronutrient surpluses and deficiencies upset metabolic homeostasis, which leads to obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and hepatic steatosis. Dietary habits are one of the three cornerstones of health and longevity, according to biogerontological theories of ageing. The free radical theory emphasises oxidative stress in cellular damage, and the disposable soma hypothesis emphasises the trade-off between reproduction and somatic upkeep. Clinical and epidemiological data indicate that cardiometabolic outcomes, including elevated insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers, are strongly influenced by diet quality, dietary timing (such as time-restricted eating), and overall energy balance. The review also demonstrates how nutrients can control gene expression, signalling pathways, and epigenetic alterations in addition to serving as energy sources. Nutrient availability and disease susceptibility are largely determined by interactions between the gut microbiota, food, and human metabolism. Furthermore, individual reactions to diet are very variable due to genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors, which explains why customised nutrition plans are becoming more and more popular. The findings also show that dietary habits during childhood and adolescence have an impact on long-term disease prevention, and that combining lifestyle treatments (diet and exercise) can consistently reduce the risk of chronic illness. In order to optimise health and wellness over the course of a lifetime, the data generally supports switching from reductionist, single-nutrient dietary methods to integrated, systems-oriented strategies that take into account molecular, clinical, and sociocultural factors.</p>

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From nutrients to health outcomes: integrating diet, disease risk, and lifelong wellness

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Monika Kaushik,
  • Murugesan Vanangamudi,
  • Sumit Sharma,
  • Prathap Madeswara Guptha,
  • Vijayaraj Surendran,
  • Md. Abubakar,
  • Sachchida Nand Rai

摘要

Nutrition, encompassing vital macro- and micronutrients (including carbs, proteins, fats, vitamins such as D and C, and minerals like iron and calcium), is fundamental to supporting life, fostering healthy ageing, and averting disease. The information on the combined impact of dietary patterns, nutritional content, and lifestyle factors on metabolic health, disease risk, and healthy ageing is summarised in this publication. According to the discussion, both macronutrient and micronutrient surpluses and deficiencies upset metabolic homeostasis, which leads to obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and hepatic steatosis. Dietary habits are one of the three cornerstones of health and longevity, according to biogerontological theories of ageing. The free radical theory emphasises oxidative stress in cellular damage, and the disposable soma hypothesis emphasises the trade-off between reproduction and somatic upkeep. Clinical and epidemiological data indicate that cardiometabolic outcomes, including elevated insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers, are strongly influenced by diet quality, dietary timing (such as time-restricted eating), and overall energy balance. The review also demonstrates how nutrients can control gene expression, signalling pathways, and epigenetic alterations in addition to serving as energy sources. Nutrient availability and disease susceptibility are largely determined by interactions between the gut microbiota, food, and human metabolism. Furthermore, individual reactions to diet are very variable due to genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors, which explains why customised nutrition plans are becoming more and more popular. The findings also show that dietary habits during childhood and adolescence have an impact on long-term disease prevention, and that combining lifestyle treatments (diet and exercise) can consistently reduce the risk of chronic illness. In order to optimise health and wellness over the course of a lifetime, the data generally supports switching from reductionist, single-nutrient dietary methods to integrated, systems-oriented strategies that take into account molecular, clinical, and sociocultural factors.