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<p>Although individual nanomaterials have been extensively investigated to enhance the performance of Portland pozzolana cement (PPC) systems, limited attention has been given to nanostructured composites. In this study, a zeolite/CaO/SiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite (ZCS) was synthesized to improve the performance of PPC pastes. Nano-CaO and nano-SiO<sub>2</sub> were derived from eggshells and corncobs, respectively, via the sol-gel method, while zeolite was obtained from clinoptilolite. The ZCS composite was prepared using an ex-situ sol-gel method, exhibiting a CaO/SiO<sub>2</sub> ratio of ~ 2, mesoporous structure, and a BET surface area of 358.37 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Optimal workability and compressive strength of the cement paste were achieved at 3% and 1% ZCS, respectively. The 1% ZCS paste demonstrated reduced porosity, lower water absorption, and enhanced resistance to chemical attack. SEM analysis indicated the formation of compact microstructures with fewer pores in 1% ZCS paste (P<sub>1.0</sub>) compared to the conventional paste (P<sub>0.0</sub>) without ZCS. These results demonstrate the potential of ZCS as a sustainable and effective supplementary cementitious material for enhancing PPC systems.</p>

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Nanostructured zeolite-based composite incorporating biowaste-derived CaO and SiO2 for sustainable cementitious applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Rutigadius R. Benedicto,
  • Ginena B. Shombe,
  • Nyemaga M. Malima,
  • Makungu M. Madirisha

摘要

Although individual nanomaterials have been extensively investigated to enhance the performance of Portland pozzolana cement (PPC) systems, limited attention has been given to nanostructured composites. In this study, a zeolite/CaO/SiO2 nanocomposite (ZCS) was synthesized to improve the performance of PPC pastes. Nano-CaO and nano-SiO2 were derived from eggshells and corncobs, respectively, via the sol-gel method, while zeolite was obtained from clinoptilolite. The ZCS composite was prepared using an ex-situ sol-gel method, exhibiting a CaO/SiO2 ratio of ~ 2, mesoporous structure, and a BET surface area of 358.37 m2/g. Optimal workability and compressive strength of the cement paste were achieved at 3% and 1% ZCS, respectively. The 1% ZCS paste demonstrated reduced porosity, lower water absorption, and enhanced resistance to chemical attack. SEM analysis indicated the formation of compact microstructures with fewer pores in 1% ZCS paste (P1.0) compared to the conventional paste (P0.0) without ZCS. These results demonstrate the potential of ZCS as a sustainable and effective supplementary cementitious material for enhancing PPC systems.