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<p>Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is a widely used semiconductor with applications across various fields, prompting the need for environmentally friendly synthesis routes. Here, we present a hybrid hydrothermal–biosynthetic approach for the fabrication of nanostructured ZnS using garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i>) as a natural sulfur source. Reactions were carried out at 160&#xa0;°C for 1, 7, and 24&#xa0;h. Structural, compositional, morphological and thermal analyses confirmed the formation of blende-phase ZnS nanostructures with distinct morphologies: quasi-spherical particles (Eg 3.95&#xa0;eV) at 1&#xa0;h, core–shell structures (Eg 3.6&#xa0;eV) at 7&#xa0;h, and a mixture of quasi-spherical ZnS (Eg 3.7&#xa0;eV) and biomass-derived particles at 24&#xa0;h. A mechanism for particle formation and growth is proposed based on experimental evidence. Photocatalytic tests showed an enhanced photocatalytic response in the sample at 7&#xa0;h, achieving 56% degradation of methylene blue under near-visible irradiation (395&#xa0;nm). This sustainable hybrid method demonstrates the potential of garlic-based biosynthesis for producing functional semiconductor nanomaterials with tunable properties.</p>

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Innovative hybrid hydrothermal-biosynthesis of nanostructured ZnS from garlic-derived sulfur

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Claudia J. Bahena-Martínez,
  • Nayely Torres-Gómez,
  • Domingo I. Garcia-Gutiérrez,
  • Alfredo R. Vilchis-Nestor

摘要

Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is a widely used semiconductor with applications across various fields, prompting the need for environmentally friendly synthesis routes. Here, we present a hybrid hydrothermal–biosynthetic approach for the fabrication of nanostructured ZnS using garlic (Allium sativum) as a natural sulfur source. Reactions were carried out at 160 °C for 1, 7, and 24 h. Structural, compositional, morphological and thermal analyses confirmed the formation of blende-phase ZnS nanostructures with distinct morphologies: quasi-spherical particles (Eg 3.95 eV) at 1 h, core–shell structures (Eg 3.6 eV) at 7 h, and a mixture of quasi-spherical ZnS (Eg 3.7 eV) and biomass-derived particles at 24 h. A mechanism for particle formation and growth is proposed based on experimental evidence. Photocatalytic tests showed an enhanced photocatalytic response in the sample at 7 h, achieving 56% degradation of methylene blue under near-visible irradiation (395 nm). This sustainable hybrid method demonstrates the potential of garlic-based biosynthesis for producing functional semiconductor nanomaterials with tunable properties.