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<p>Nanomedicine offers a paradigm shift in cancer therapy due to its superior targeting capabilities, bioavailability, and versatility compared to traditional methods. Owing to their distinct physico-chemical characteristics, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are widely explored. This research’s primary objective is to provoke apoptotic events in lung cancer cells (A549) exposed to bio-fabricated ZnO-NPs. ZnO-NPs were successfully formulated from the aqueous extract of the <i>Jasminum sambac</i> (L.) Aiton leaves. The phyto-fabricated JS-ZnO-NPs revealed the maximum absorbance at 327&#xa0;nm in UV-spectroscopy. FT-IR analysis confirmed the functional moieties involved in aiding biosynthesis, and the components of the synthesized JS-ZnO-NPs were verified via Elemental Composition Analysis. The XRD graph revealed the crystalline features of the JS-ZnO-NPs. The semi-spherical agglomerated morphological feature with a mean grain size of 61.56 ± 3.01&#xa0;nm was visualized in TEM and SEM micrographs. The surface charge was recorded at −&#xa0;14&#xa0;mV. The anti-cancer efficacy of JS-ZnO-NPs was proportional to their concentration, as revealed by the MTT assay, with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 44.37&#xa0;µg&#xa0;mL<sup>−1</sup>. Apoptotic profiling of JS-ZnO-NPs treated cells was carried out using AO/EtBr staining, Annexin V/PI- FACS analysis, intracellular ROS generation, DNA fragmentation, Caspase 3 activity, followed by apoptotic gene expression studies. JS-ZnO-NPs induced apoptosis in cells by triggering DNA damage, increasing oxidative stress, and activating caspase 3, amplifying the mRNA levels of the <i>Bax</i> and <i>p53</i> genes, and downregulating the mRNA levels of the <i>Bcl-2</i> gene. The outcome of this research demonstrated that JS-ZnO-NPs trigger caspase-mediated apoptosis via increased ROS generation.</p>

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Bio-fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton leaves and their apoptosis-inducing effects on lung cancer cells: an in vitro study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月31日

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  • Akshaya Priya Raveendran,
  • Rabitha Ravichandran,
  • Jayashri Seetharaman,
  • Reya Rene Philip,
  • S Weslen Vedakumari,
  • D Sankari

摘要

Nanomedicine offers a paradigm shift in cancer therapy due to its superior targeting capabilities, bioavailability, and versatility compared to traditional methods. Owing to their distinct physico-chemical characteristics, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are widely explored. This research’s primary objective is to provoke apoptotic events in lung cancer cells (A549) exposed to bio-fabricated ZnO-NPs. ZnO-NPs were successfully formulated from the aqueous extract of the Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton leaves. The phyto-fabricated JS-ZnO-NPs revealed the maximum absorbance at 327 nm in UV-spectroscopy. FT-IR analysis confirmed the functional moieties involved in aiding biosynthesis, and the components of the synthesized JS-ZnO-NPs were verified via Elemental Composition Analysis. The XRD graph revealed the crystalline features of the JS-ZnO-NPs. The semi-spherical agglomerated morphological feature with a mean grain size of 61.56 ± 3.01 nm was visualized in TEM and SEM micrographs. The surface charge was recorded at − 14 mV. The anti-cancer efficacy of JS-ZnO-NPs was proportional to their concentration, as revealed by the MTT assay, with an IC50 of 44.37 µg mL−1. Apoptotic profiling of JS-ZnO-NPs treated cells was carried out using AO/EtBr staining, Annexin V/PI- FACS analysis, intracellular ROS generation, DNA fragmentation, Caspase 3 activity, followed by apoptotic gene expression studies. JS-ZnO-NPs induced apoptosis in cells by triggering DNA damage, increasing oxidative stress, and activating caspase 3, amplifying the mRNA levels of the Bax and p53 genes, and downregulating the mRNA levels of the Bcl-2 gene. The outcome of this research demonstrated that JS-ZnO-NPs trigger caspase-mediated apoptosis via increased ROS generation.