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<p>There is a growing need for eco-friendly techniques to synthesize nanoparticles, with the plant-mediated green synthesis method emerging as an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional chemical methods. Here, a leaf extract from <i>Hybanthus enneaspermus</i>, a medicinal plant rich in phytochemicals was used as the starting material to synthesize TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles as well as their silver (Ag), gold (Au), and Ag–Au co-doped variants via green hydrothermal routes. This study marks a unique application of plant extract that enables simultaneous co-doping, yielding versatile nanoparticles with enhanced multifunctional properties from a single origination point. These nanoparticles were thoroughly evaluated using XRD, FTIR, SEM, UV–Vis, PL, and EDAX techniques. XRD analysis confirmed the anatase phase with crystallite sizes between 9 and 15&#xa0;nm; SEM images revealed nanorod-like structures without significant metal doping agglomeration upon doping; EDAX confirmed successful incorporation of Ag and Au; UV–Vis analysis revealed redshift in absorption due to doping; while PL spectra showed decreased intensity which confirmed doping effects as indicating reduced electron–hole recombination as well as enhanced photocatalytic potential. Ag-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (zone of inhibition: 39&#xa0;mm), while Ag–Au co-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> showed superior antioxidant activity with the lowest IC50 value for DPPH scavenging assays; these improvements can be attributed to synergistic interactions between metal dopants and bioactive compounds in plant extract. This study presents a cost-effective, sustainable, and non-toxic route for synthesizing doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles with enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial properties for potential applications in biomedical and environmental technologies.</p>

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Green synthesis of doped TiO2 nanoparticles using Hybanthus enneaspermus: antioxidant and antibacterial evaluation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月28日

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  • P. Maheswari,
  • S. Sugapriya

摘要

There is a growing need for eco-friendly techniques to synthesize nanoparticles, with the plant-mediated green synthesis method emerging as an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional chemical methods. Here, a leaf extract from Hybanthus enneaspermus, a medicinal plant rich in phytochemicals was used as the starting material to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles as well as their silver (Ag), gold (Au), and Ag–Au co-doped variants via green hydrothermal routes. This study marks a unique application of plant extract that enables simultaneous co-doping, yielding versatile nanoparticles with enhanced multifunctional properties from a single origination point. These nanoparticles were thoroughly evaluated using XRD, FTIR, SEM, UV–Vis, PL, and EDAX techniques. XRD analysis confirmed the anatase phase with crystallite sizes between 9 and 15 nm; SEM images revealed nanorod-like structures without significant metal doping agglomeration upon doping; EDAX confirmed successful incorporation of Ag and Au; UV–Vis analysis revealed redshift in absorption due to doping; while PL spectra showed decreased intensity which confirmed doping effects as indicating reduced electron–hole recombination as well as enhanced photocatalytic potential. Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (zone of inhibition: 39 mm), while Ag–Au co-doped TiO2 showed superior antioxidant activity with the lowest IC50 value for DPPH scavenging assays; these improvements can be attributed to synergistic interactions between metal dopants and bioactive compounds in plant extract. This study presents a cost-effective, sustainable, and non-toxic route for synthesizing doped TiO2 nanoparticles with enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial properties for potential applications in biomedical and environmental technologies.